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This paper presents the kinetics of methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide and hydrogen over a Cu/Zn/Zr/Ga catalyst. Kinetic studies were carried out in a continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor in a temperature range from 433 to 513 K, pressures from 3 to 8 MPa, and GHSV from 1660 to 10,000 1/h for initial molar fractions of hydrogen from about 0.48 to 0.70, carbon dioxide from 0.05 to about 0.22, and carbon monoxide from 0 to about 0.07. Significant effects of temperature and the composition of the reaction mixture on the conversion degrees α1 and α2 were found. The Cu/Zn/Zr/Ga catalyst showed good stability over 960 h. XRD and CO2TPD characterisation were performed. Thefinally obtained results of kinetic tests were developed in the form of Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic equations. The numerical Levenberg–Marquardt method was used to estimate the kinetic equations. The average relative error of fitting the kinetic equations to the experimental data was 18%.

Levulinic acid was esterified with n‐hexanol, n‐octanol, and n‐decanol at 393–413 K and at molar ratios of between 3:1 and 10:1 (alcohol: acid) in the presence of the dodecatungstophosphoric acid (H3PW12O40) as catalyst (0.1 wt%) to study the reaction kinetics. The results of such study are the precise form of kinetic equation, which is indispensable in design and optimization of industrial‐scale chemical reactors. The authors stated that reactions were of second order and that the activation energy (E) decreased from 66 to 53 kJ/mol in the following alcohol sequence: n‐hexanol > n‐octanol > n‐decanol.