The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the functioning of universities worldwide. In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which radically changed students’ daily functioning. This situation clearly showed the students’ helplessness and difficulties with coping with this new, stressful situation, highlighted in many previous studies. A sudden and far-reaching change in daily functioning caused anxiety, depression, and stress in this group. Thus, from a pedagogical and psychological point of view, it is pertinent to examine the students’ strategies of coping with stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, in 2020, a sample of Polish students was anonymously measured using the Mini-COPE questionnaire. Data was gathered from 577 students from 17 universities. The statistical analysis showed that during the coronavirus pandemic, Polish students most often used the coping strategies of: acceptance, planning, and seeking emotional support. Such factors as age, gender, and place of residence influenced the choice of specific strategies of coping with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results also showed that the youngest students had the lowest coping skills. The results allow for concluding that the students’ maladaptive strategies of coping with stress, especially during the pandemic, may result in long-term consequences for their psychophysiological health and academic achievements. Thus, based on the current results and on the participatory model of intervention, a support program for students is proposed which would involve psychological, organizational, and instrumental support.

<b>Background</b><br /> The relationship between a court probation officer and their ward is a specific one and is frequently connected with enormous individuals costs. This fact is connected with the character of the job, and with the conditions determining its character. Psychosocial threats may influence both mental and somatic health, directly or indirectly, by means of the influence exerted by stress.<br /> <br /> <b>Participants and procedure</b><br /> The main study was conducted at the offices of the teams of the Court Probation Service. The teams of the Court Probation Service are part of the structure of the following 9, randomly selected, district courts (DCs): DC Wrocław, DC Bydgoszcz, DC Szczecin, DC Poznań, DC Łódź, DC Lublin, DC Kraków, DC Katowice and DC Białystok. Participation in the research was voluntary and anonymous; the tools were arranged in sets, and the sequence of those sets was random. The sets of research tools were received by 1,000 individuals altogether.<br /> <br /> <b>Results</b><br /> The conducted research confirmed the need to verify the significance of the feeling of occupational stress of court probation officers at the workplace and the correlations between it and a number of variables. Below, I present statistical analyses concerning various aspects of occupational stress experienced in the studied group, including correlations between the general level of occupational stress and the dimensions of it, and organizational predictors. The objective of the research was to indicate the styles of coping with stress and the correlations of them with the stress felt by court probation officers.<br /> <br /> <b>Conclusions</b><br /> The research confirms a significant influence exerted by organizational determinants upon the general level of felt occupational stress. Professional court probation officers experience a higher level of felt occupational stress; what is conducive to that is high encumbrance with occupational responsibilities, and also functioning directly in structures of the court of law. Court probation officers suffering from high and low levels of occupational stress differ from one another in terms of the selection of the style concentrated on emotions, which is relevant to the style typical of individuals manifesting the propensity for concentrating on themselves and their own emotional experiences. The individuals manifesting a high level of felt occupational stress select the style described in this paper much more frequently than individuals suffering from a low level of stress.

The current article examined the relationship between preferred styles of coping with stress and occupational burnout among probation officers in Poland. The probation system in Poland is unique in comparison to similar organizations in Europe and the world. It is characterized by two separate specializations in the area of performed tasks: probation officers for adults and for family and juvenile clients. The main purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between occupational burnout levels among probation officers (n = 390) and their preferred styles of coping with stress. Two psychological tools were used in the study: the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). A linear regression analysis was carried out to explain the variance in occupational burnout. Occupational burnout was the dependent variable and the CISS scales were the predictors. In order to test the moderating role of the sociodemographic factors of gender, work experience, age, and probation specialization in the relationship between coping styles and occupational burnout, a range of moderation analyses using Hayes’ PROCESS macro on SPSS was carried out.

The article in a holistic manner discusses the family court’s role in preventing the phenomenon of demoralization and crime in minors and presents the current space of cooperation of court probation officers with the family court through the prism of multi-context and multidisciplinary preventive and re-socialization activity. The article discusses educational and therapeutic measures as well as corrective measures taken by the court towards the minor and other possibilities of practical impact on his environment. The paper also includes an analysis of the scope of family probation in proceedings concerning young offenders. The proposed concept of interventions at the pre-judicial and judicial levels underlies the Council of Europe recommendations covering the principles of environmental involvement and continuity of care. The activity of the family court and the probation officer constitutes an important educational and re-socialization, preventive as well as repressive and control mechanism in the structures of justice in Poland.

Artykuł koncentruje się na tematyce jakości życia kuratorów sądowych ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem analizy znaczenia wybranych czynników ją kształtujących. Obok analizy literatury związanej z satysfakcją z życia jako podstawowym warunkiem dobrostanu i charakterystyki pracy kuratora sądowego, przedstawione zostały również wyniki badań własnych. Badania przeprowadzono w zespołach kuratorskiej służby sądowej przy sądach rejonowych w obszarze właściwości Sądu Okręgowego w Gdańsku. Wybór okręgu sądowego był celowy i wzięło w nich udział 73 funkcjonariuszy KSS. Przedmiotem badań było zdiagnozowanie jakości życia funkcjonariuszy Kuratorskiej Służby Sądowej a także zweryfikowanie zależności pomiędzy zmiennymi socjodemograficznymi i organizacyjnymi a poziomem satysfakcji życiowej. Badania wskazały, że na jakość życia kuratorów sądowych wpływają przede wszystkim relacje społeczne i ich jakość, poczucie bezpieczeństwa, charakter wykonywanej pracy a także styl życia i poziom aspiracji życiowych. Kuratorzy sądowi są szczęśliwsi od ogółu Polaków, pomimo wykonywania przez nich specyficznych obowiązków zawodowych. Poziomu satysfakcji z życia nie różnicują w istotny sposób predyktory socjodemograficzne i organizacyjne. Wyniki badań pokazują między innymi, że kuratorzy sądowi, którzy częściej pracują w środowisku podopiecznych, są de facto bardziej usatysfakcjonowani, niż ci którzy wykonują swoje obowiązki głównie w siedzibie sądu.