Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia globally and is associated with an increased risk for various other complications. Ablation, one of the most widely used treatments, is irreversible and can damage tissue surrounding the ablation line. Furthermore, many people with structural heart abnormalities or other conditions cannot be effectively treated. The complexity of atrial fibrillation and the uniqueness of each case make a universally effective treatment nearly impossible. The present paper describes the current treatments for atrial fibrillation and assesses the potential of gene therapy as a new clinical treatment. Further research into gene therapy could provide more targeted and effective treatments for atrial fibrillation and many other genetic conditions.