Correlation and path analyses between yield components and grain yield may be useful to provide the basis for planning of more efficient in selection program. The objectives of the experiment were to investigate the most responsible yield components to grain yield of morphologically diverse soybean varieties. Twelve soybean varieties were evaluated on rainfed wetland after rice in Grobogan, Central Java, during the late dry season of 2014. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design with four replications. Each of the genotype was grown in five rows of four and half meters long. Plant spacing was 40 cm x 15 cm, with two seeds per hill. Results showed that among the yield components, number of pods per plant, seed size and harvest index were each positively correlated with grain yield (r = 0.530; 0.376 and 0.608). The direct effect of pods per plant, seed size and harvest index to grain yield as indicated by path coefficient were among the highest, each was 0.813, 0.540 and 0.901 respectively. The direct effects of other yield components were small or negative. Based on both analyses, soybean genotypes with high grain yield should have a high number of pods per plant (>40 pods), large seed size (>15 g/100 seeds) and high harvest index (>50%). Therefore, pods per plant, seed size and harvest index can be used as selection criteria for developing varieties for rainfed wetland. Although the direct effect of days to maturity to grain yield was small, but early maturing varieties should be considered as selection criterion, because on rainfed wetland during late dry season the availability of soil moisture often is uncertain. Early maturing varieties can be more useful under this condition to minimize yield losses due to drought stress.

Information on the variability and correlation between agronomic characters of mungbean accessions with their yield are important for supporting breeding program of the plant. A total of 350 mungbean accessions were evaluated at Muara Experimental Farm, Indonesian Center for Food Crops Research and Development, Bogor, during the dry season of 2005. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Each accession was planted in two rows of 5 m long. Plant spacing was 40 cm x 20 cm, two plants per hill. Correlation and path coefficient analyses were used to quantify<br />the magnitude of the relationship between yield components and grain yield. The variability among the accessions was significant for most of the characters studied, especially for days to maturity, plant height, pods per plant, and seed size. Among the yield components, the number of pods per plant and plant height positively correlated with the grain yield, but the<br />seed size negatively correlated with grain yield. The direct effects of the number of pods per plant and plant height on seed yield as indicated by path coefficient were the highest, while other causal effects were small or negative. Yield variation (1- R2) attributable to the nine yield component variables was slightly high (61.23%), which means that mungbean accessions with high grain yield should have sufficient plant height and high number of pods per plant. Therefore, these parameters (number of pods per plant and plant height) can be used as the selection criteria in mungbean breeding program. These criteria can be visualized during bulk selection on the early generation stage of F2 to F4, and subsequently on line development of individual plant (pedigree) of F5.

The knowledge of genetic action, heritability and genetic variability is useful and permits plant breeder to design efficient breeding strategies in soybean. The objectives of this study were to determine gene action, genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of quantitative characters that could be realized through selection of segregation progenies. The F1 population and F2 progenies of six crosses among five soybean varieties were evaluated at Muneng Experimental Station, East Java during the dry season of 2014. The lines were planted in a randomized block design with four replications. The seeds of each F1 and F2 progenies and parents were planted in four rows of 3 m long, 40 cm x 20 cm plant spacing, one plant per hill. The result showed that pod number per plant, seed yield, plant yield and harvest index were found to be predominantly controlled by additive gene effects. Seed size was also controlled by additive gene effects, with small seed dominant to large seed size. Plant height was found to be controlled by both additive and nonadditive gene effects. Similarly, days to maturity was due mainly to additive and nonadditive gene effects, with earliness dominant to lateness. Days to maturity had the highest heritability estimates of 49.3%, followed by seed size (47.0%), harvest index (45.8%), and pod number per plant (45.5%). Therefore, they could be used in the selection of a high yielding soybean genotype in the F3 generation.

The study was conducted to determine the effect of knowledge, personality and reputation on people's decisions to choose Islamic banks. The research subjects were all people of Banda Aceh city in early 2020 as many as 270.321 people using the Slovin formula with cluster random sampling technique representing 9 sub districts total 100 respondents using Islamic banking services. The data analysis technique uses linear regression to answer the proposed hypothesis. The results show that all independent variables of knowledge, personality and reputation influence the variables related to the customers decision to choose Islamic bank in the city of Banda Aceh.

This study was focused on analyzing farmers’ empowerment and studying factors affecting group dynamic in relation with their business improvement. The objectives of this study were: (1) to identify factors that influence empowerment of crop farmer within groups, (2) the relation between group dynamics and productivity and, (3) the formulation of empowerment strategy through group approach. This study was conducted at two districts area: Gowa and Enrekang at South Sulawesi Province. Primary data were obtained from 240 respondents from members of group farmer who their business mostly cultivate vegetable. Quantitative analysis and qualitative-descriptive analysis were employed to explain the result of the research. Variabels used in the study were individual characteristics. The level of farmer empowerment within group is low, and factors that affect farmers’ empowerment within group are low (underdeveloped). These factors are empowerment pattern, level of personality, social environment, information access and level of farmers’ productivity. Development of elements of group dynamics in two locations shows low performance that means underdeveloped. The main constraints for developing group dynamics are lack of initiative and participation of group members to encourage group activities, and lack of cooperation and coordination of tasks within group. Individual characteristics include level of formal education, empowerment pattern, farmers’ personality, social environment and information access show significantly positive relationship with group dynamic. There are fourteen variabels which positively influence group dynamics. These variabels are empowerment pattern; level of farmers’ personality; social environment; and information access. Based on the relationship among variabels in the model of farmer development toward farmer’s productivity, it shows that variabels of working network (X2.2), self confident (X3.2), culture norms (X4.1), accurate information (X5.2), group objective (Y1.1) and group development (Y1.3) affect significantly of farmers’ productivity. This means these variables have significant role in promoting farmers’ productivity. Farmers’ productivity is still low and it should be developed through more diynamic activities.