This article describes a combination of experimental and mathematical methods for the determination of undissolved air content in hydraulic oil. The experimental part consists of the determination of the oil bulk modulus, considering the influence of undissolved air by means of a volume compression method in a steel pipe. A multiphase model of an oil/undissolved air mixture is subsequently defined using Matlab SimHydraulics software. The multiphase model permits the volume compression of oil and air bubbles independently of each other. Furthermore, time dependencies of pressures are mathematically simulated during the compression of the multiphase mixture of oil and undissolved air for different concentrations of the latter. The undissolved air content is determined by comparing the mathematically simulated and experimentally measured time dependencies of pressure increases. Highlights • Experimental determination of secant bulk modulus and tangent bulk modulus of oil by means of a compression method. • Multiphase mathematical model of compressibilityof oil/undissolved air mixture. • Mathematical simulation and measurement of time dependence of pressure during compression of oil/undissolved air mixture in steel pipe. • Determination of undissolved air content in oil by comparing the mathematical model with the measurement. • The undissolved air concentrations in the measured hydraulic system were determined in the range of 0.22 % to 0.49 %.

In today's unmanned productions systems, it is very important that the manufacturing processes are carried out efficiently and smoothly. Therefore, controlling chip formation becomes an essential issue to be dealt with. It can be said that the material removal from a workpiece using machining is based on the degradation of material cohesion made in a controlled manner. The aim of the study was to understand the chip formation mechanisms that can, during uncontrolled processes, result in the formation and propagation of microcracks on the machined surface and, as such, cause failure of a component during its operation. This article addresses some aspects of chip formation in the orthogonal and oblique slow-rate machining of EN 16MnCr5 steel. In order to avoid chip root deformation and its thermal influence on sample acquisition, that could cause the changes in the microstructure of material, a new reliable method for sample acquisition has been developed in this research. The results of the experiments have been statistically processed. The obtained dependencies have uncovered how the cutting tool geometry and cutting conditions influence a chip shape, temperature in cutting area, or microhardness according to Vickers in the area of shear angle.

Abstract. The paper deals with experimental evaluation and numerical simulation of non-stationary flow of hydraulic oil in a long hydraulic line. Non-stationary flow is caused by a quick closing of valves at the beginning and the end of the pipe. Time dependence of pressure is measured by means of pressure sensors at the beginning and the end of the pipe. A mathematical model of a given circuit is created using Matlab SimHydraulics software. The long line is simulated by means of segmented pipe. The simulation is verified by experiment.

Abstract. The article deals with experimental research of cavitation development in inlet tube of hydraulic pump. The pressures in inlet and outlet tube of the pump and flow rate were measured. Mineral oil was used as working fluid. The cavitation was visually evaluated in transparent inlet tube. The inlet tube underpressure was achieved by throttle valve. The relationship between the generation of bubbles and the inlet pressure is evaluated.

Abstract. The aim of the paper is to experimentally measure and evaluate bulk modulus of oil/steel pipe system and oil/hose system. The measurement was performed using experimental device on the basis of a measured pressure difference depending on time. Bulk modulus is evaluated from pressure change with known flow and volume of line. Pressure rise is caused by valve closure at the line end. Furthermore, a mathematical model of the experimental device is created using Matlab SimHydraulics software. Time dependencies of pressure for the oil/steel pipe system and the oil/hose system are simulated on this mathematical model. The simulations are verified by experiment.