Large dams often alter flow and thermal regimes downstream, resulting in fish spawning delays and larval abundance declines. Accurate prediction of the delayed spawning period under changed thermal regime is critical for selecting a correct timing to modify dam operation and to release the environmental flow needed to enhance fish spawning. We used correlation analysis to investigate the relationship between thermal regime alteration and spawning delay of the four major Chinese carps (FMCC) below the Three Gorges Dam in the Yangtze River, China, using a 13‐year ecological data series (1997–2009). Eighteen variables were defined to quantify thermal regime and related to two variables representing spawning timing. Our results demonstrate that the start of FMCC spawning has been delayed from early May to middle June since the Three Gorges Dam initiated operation in 2003. Water temperature declines of 2 °C–4 °C in March, April and May (a critical period for gonad development) were the principal reason for the observed spawning delay. The variable most associated with spawning timing was the arrival date of the cumulative temperature needed for gonad development from stages IV to V (DDegDayIV–V), which describes the long‐term impacts of the timing, magnitude and duration of thermal regime upon gonad development. Only the cumulative temperature for gonad development and the minimum temperature for FMCC spawning (18 °C) are both satisfied, the occurrence of suitable flow conditions, that is, flow increase or flash flood, would produce a successful spawning event. Consequently, we suggest that the experimental flow increase process of the Three Gorges Reservoir aimed at enhancing FMCC spawning should initiate after 15 June when the requisite thermal regime can be met. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The upper Yangtze river rare and endemic national nature reserve was set up to protect the rare and endemic fish. Affected by the cascade development of the downstream reach of the jinsha river, fish habitat in the national nature reserve have been changed significantly, which will affect the reproduction and growth of the fishes.The Coreius heterodon spawning grounds were located in the Main stream of the natural reserve, andits spawning season needs certain overflowing process to lay eggs. This article used the water level and flow data from 1956 to 2012 in the Zhu Tuo stationto analysis the eco-hydrologicaldemand for Coreiusheterodon breeding. and this result can provide the reference for the ecological operation of cascade reservoirs in the downstreamof jinsha river.

The various ways in which theatre and fi lm interact generate diverse forms of theatricality in Chinese cinema: jingju fi lms, narrative fi lms containing traditional theatrical performances, and fi lms incorporating modern performance types. The signifi cance of theatre in Chinese cinema will be discussed with two questions in mind: ( 1) to what extent the aesthetics of traditional Chinese theatre cross over from stage to screen and (2) whether fi lmic representations of theatre generate a critical discourse vis-à-vis state ideology and cultural policies. Luo Hui is a PhD candidate in East Asian Studies at the University of Toronto. He is completing a dissertation on Liaozhai, a collection of ghost stories by the Qing dynasty author Pu Songling, and its adaptations into vernacular literature, theatre, and fi lm. Mr. Luo obtained his MA in comparative literature from Indiana University.This paper will look at the interplay between the theatrical 1 and the cinematic in Chinese fi lm. In its fl edgling stage, Chinese cinema was inseparable from traditional Chinese theatre. The earliest Chinese fi lmmakers and actors had been trained in various theatrical disciplines. Thus, for them, the transposition of theatrical performances from stage to screen was a natural cinematic practice. Some of the earliest motion pictures made in China were scenes from jingju and other regional theatrical styles. Ever since the Fengtai photo shop began fi lming Tan Xinpei's jingju performance in 1905, adapting traditional stage performance for the screen has been an important part of early experiments in Chinese fi lmmaking (see Figure 1). 2 In the 1930s and 1940s, catering to an urban audience already exposed to Hollywood melodramas and having easy access to live theatre, the fi lm industry shifted its focus

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<p>The main section of the ZhiCheng Yangtze river bridge is 1742 m steel beam bridge. By now, with the influence of the overhead catenary system, the steel bridge maintenance must be operated in cooperation with the power supply maintenance department at power–off maintenance gap. Considered the power–off maintenance gap is adjust to mid-night in the new railway operation plans, it is difficult to do the painting maintenance for the bridge, this leads to the lack of painting maintenance of the steel bridge. The ZhiCheng Yangtze river bridge is under threat of lost service life. In order to save the service life of the ZhiCheng Yangtze river bridge, a project with some new designs to improve the maintenance circumstance of the bridge must be carried out.</p><p>The comprehensive system research and design with new concepts of safety, low carbon footprint, economical efficiency, economy of the whole life cycle, is a new aesthetic concept of design in this new era. By application this new design aesthetics, a new level of comprehensive harmony of safety, function, cost, and carbon footprint and economy of the whole life cycle of Bridges can be achieved. This article will introduce the ZhiCheng Yangtze river bridge maintenance design project, to show this new design aesthetics. The bridge links our past and future. The human must be in harmony with nature, and will have a promising tomorrow.</p>