Myopia, a common eye disease, is a global health burden that is increasing worldwide. Although the risk factors for myopia among children have been extensively investigated, those among university students have not. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of myopia and the factors associated with it among university students in Nanjing.Subjects were selected from among the university students using a stratified random sampling method. A total of 1200 first-year university students were invited to participate in the study. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data on the students’ demographic information, history of parental myopia, and behavioral factors, such as having bad postures while reading or writing, performing eye exercises, taking breaks after 30 minutes of continuous reading, using computers or smartphones, sleep, near-work, and outdoor activity. Univariate analyses were performed to find the associations between myopia and the various parameters. Factors that were statistically significant in univariate analyses were selected as candidate variates for multivariate analysis.The overall prevalence of myopia was 86.8%: 86.1% among males, and 88.0% among females (χ2 = 0.68, P = .411). Chi-squared tests showed that parental myopia, performing eye exercises, taking breaks after 30 minutes of continuous reading, and engaging in outdoor activity were significantly associated with myopia (P < .001, P = .034, P < .001, and P = .002, respectively). Having at least 1 parent with myopia was a risk factor for myopia (OR = 3.58, 95% CI = 1.96–6.54); whereas, taking breaks after 30 minutes of continuous reading and performing at least 2 hours of outdoor activity per day were protective against myopia in multivariate analysis (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.41–0.93; and OR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.2–0.99; respectively).The prevalence of myopia among university students was 86.8%. Parental myopia was a risk factor for myopia. Taking breaks after 30 minutes of continuous reading, and engaging in at least 2 hours of outdoor activity were associated with less myopia. In addition, performing eye exercises was associated with less myopia on univariate analysis.

BackgroundThe studies on the association between sleep duration and myopia are limited, and the evidence is inconsistent. This study aimed to evaluate the association between sleep duration and myopia, cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) and axial length (AL) among Chinese children during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.MethodsThe study was a cross-sectional study on Chinese children aged 6–18 years. The comprehensive ophthalmic examinations for children included cycloplegic SE, AL, and standardized questionnaires. The questionnaire included sleep duration, parental myopia, outdoor time, and continuous near work duration without breaks. Myopia was defined as SE ≤-0.50 diopters (D).ResultsA total of 1,140 children were included in the analyses, with 84.7% of myopic children and 74.4% of children's daily sleep duration being more than 8 h/d. In univariate regression analysis, compared with sleep duration &lt; 8 h/d, children with sleep duration of 8–9 and &gt;9 h/d were less myopia (p &lt; 0.01 for all), and had less myopic SE (p &lt; 0.01 for all), and shorter AL (p &lt; 0.01 for all). After adjusting for age, gender, parental myopia, outdoor time, and continuous near work duration without breaks, sleep duration was not associated with myopia, cycloplegic SE, and AL (p &gt; 0.05 for all).ConclusionsThis study showed sleep duration was related to myopia, cycloplegic SE, and AL among Chinese children during the COVID-19 pandemic-related lifestyles, but no independent association.

Introduction:Japan is known worldwide as an earthquake-prone country, and large-scale landslide disasters have occurred frequently in recent years. Early preparation is essential for taking precise action in case of an emergency. People with disaster experience are often discussed in the importance of evacuation drills. However, most people have no disaster experience, so awareness of disaster countermeasures is desirable for non-experienced people.Aim:To clarify the concerns of non-experienced people and consider how to strengthen disaster measures as an evacuation drill host or educator.Methods:From February to March 2018, we enrolled teachers and parents whose children attend Hiroshima City Elementary School. Based on disaster experiences, we divided them into two groups, non-experienced and experienced, and a comparison of measures was performed between them. We used SPSS ver.22 and did a chi-square test.Results:There were 1,702 valid responses (145 teachers and 1,557 parents); 1,406 were non-experienced, and 289 were experienced. The issues both groups were most concerned about were “children’s safety at school” (non-experienced 61.7%, experienced 57.3%), “securing food and drink at school” (39.0%, 3.3.9%), “acceptance and distribution of relief supplies” (28.1%, 2.6.6%), and “resident evacuation” (25.4%, 2.4.0%). The experienced were most concerned with “children’s mental care” (60.2%), and the non-experienced were most concerned with “children’s safety at school” (61.7%).Discussion:Regardless of experience, parents tend to be deeply concerned about all things pertaining to their children. Physical safety, as well as psychological needs, were of high importance. For non-experienced, we should develop interest by focusing on children’s needs when writing manuals for disaster measures and evacuation drills. Therefore, future projects to strengthen awareness of disaster prevention for the non-experienced should focus on three key issues: “step-by-step approaches for children,” “physiological needs,” and “safety of schools and shelters.”