Natural products from plants were extracted and widely studied for their activities against many disease conditions. The selection of the extracting solvent is crucial to develop selective and effective methods for the extraction and isolation of target compounds in the plant matrices. Pharmacological properties of plant extracts and their bioactive principles are related to their excellent solubility, stability, and bioavailability when administered by different routes. This review aims to critically analyze natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as green solvents in their application to improve the extraction performance of plant metabolites in terms of their extractability besides the stability, bioactivity, solubility, and bioavailability. Herein, the opportunities for NADES to be used in pharmaceutical formulations development including plant metabolites-based nutraceuticals are discussed.

Katuk is widely popular with its benefits for breastfeeding mothers. Katuk is also known as a plant with a high antioxidant content. This study aims to determine the effect of using variations in the ethanol concentration as an extracting solvent in producing Total Phenolics Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoids Content (TFC) and their activities in reducing DPPH free radicals. The dried katuk leaves were extracted by cold maceration method. The solvent used for extraction is ethanol with 3 variations in concentration: 50%, 70%, and 96% (absolute ethanol). TPC and TFC were determined by colorimetric method using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. TPC was stated to be equivalent to gallic acid, while TFC was stated to be equivalent to quercetin. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was measured based on the IC50 value. The results showed that Katuk leaf extract produced from 50% ethanol solvent was able to produce TPC (42.18 ± 0.30 mg GAE / g), TFC (11.18 ± 0.38 mg QE / g) and reduction activity against DPPH radicals (IC50 = 88.33 ± 3.53 ppm). These were higher than ethanol with other concentrations. However, various things need to be considered when using this solvent given the high water content in the solvent.

Penelitian terapan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan penerapan MPG untuk pelajaran matematika di kelas X SMA Negeri 8 Palembang, di tinjau dari ketuntasan belajar yang dicapai setelah mengikuti pembelajaran dengan menggunakan MPG, keaktifan siswa selama di terapkan MPG, sikap terhadap penerapan MPG. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian terapan (applied research) dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen dan survey. Pengumpulan data dengan observasi, tes, angket serta wawancara . Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif, dengan menggunakan teknik analisa data statistik persentase skor serta tabel keefektifan penerapan model. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa keefektifan penerapan MPG untuk pelajaran matematika dikelas X SMA Negeri 8 Palembang yang ditinjau dari aktivitas siswa, ketuntasan belajar serta sikap siswa terhadap penerapan MPG adalah 76.32 % dengan kategori "Efektif" , dengan rincian keaktifan siswa selama diterapkan MPG tergolong sangat tinggi dengan rata-rata persentase skor 81.8% dan ketuntasan belajar siswa secara klasikal mencapai 76.32%, serta Sikap siswa terhadap penerapan MPG tergolong positif dengan rata-rata persentase skor 76.5%.

This study aims to determine the effect of online learning through WhatsApp on students' interest and learning outcomes in Biology at SMA Negeri 1 Bengkulu City. The method used in this research is a pre-experiment with a one-group pre-test-post-test design. The research sample was students of class XI IPA 4 SMA Negeri 1 Bengkulu City, totaling 29 students. The results showed an effect before and after being given treatment using online learning via WhatsApp on the interests and learning outcomes of students at SMA Negeri 1 Bengkulu City. In conclusion, WhatsApp is effectively used as a medium in the online Biology teaching and learning process. Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Interests, Online Learning, WhatsApp