Objective:To evaluate ventricular repolarization parameters using the interval from the peak to the end of the T wave (Tp–Te), together with QT and corrected QT (QTc) intervals, QT dispersion (QTd), and Tp-Te/QTc ratio in patients with Turner syndrome (pwTS) and to compare the results with those from healthy controls.Methods:In total, 38 patients previously diagnosed with Turner syndrome (TS) and 35 healthy girls (controls) were included in our cross-sectional study. Twelve-lead electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography after a 30-min rest were performed. The QT, QTc, QTd, Tp-Te interval, and Tp-Te/QTc ratio were determined.Results:No differences in age or sex were observed between the groups. QT intervals were similar in both groups [pwTS: 354.76±25.33 ms, controls (C): 353.29±17.51 ms, p=0.775]. pwTS had significantly longer QTc and QTd than controls (411.87±22.66 ms vs. 392.06±13.21 ms, p<0.001 and 40.31±2.02 ms vs. 37.54±1.83 ms, p<0.001, respectively). Similarly, the Tp-Te interval and Tp-Te/QTc ratio were significantly longer in pwTS than in controls (71.89±3.39 ms vs. 65.34±2.88 ms, p<0.001 and 0.17±0.01 vs. 0.16±0.01, p=0.01).Conclusion:As pwTS have longer QTc, QTd, Tp–Te interval, and Tp-Te/QTc ratio, an annual follow-up with ECG can provide awareness and even prevent sudden death in them. Also avoiding the use of drugs that makes repolarization anomaly and having knowledge about the side effects of these drugs are essential in pwTS.

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Background: Ovarian granulosa cell tumors that originate from the sex cord-stromal cells represent 2% to 5% of all ovarian cancers. These tumors constitute two subgroups according to their clinical and histopathological features: juvenile granulosa cell tumors (JGCT) and adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCT). Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is considered to be a low-grade malignancy with a favorable prognosis. Methods: This case series includes four patients who admitted to our university hospital and had an MRI examination within 5 years. Results: The histopathological subtype of granulosa tumor was the adult type in 3 patients and juvenile type in 1 patient. Even though its extremely rare, bone metastases were present in one of our patients. Liver metastases were also detected in one patient. The MRI examination of tumors revealed a heterogeneous solid mass that contained cystic components in 3 patients. In one of our patients, the tumor had a multiseptated cystic feature, and all of the tumors were ovoid or round with smooth margins. T1 signal hyperintensity, not suppressed on fat saturation sequences, observed in our 3 patients, which represents its hemorrhagic content. Conclusion: Even though granulosa cell tumor shows a wide spectrum in terms of tumor appearance, some common findings have been shown and especially a hemorrhagic content could be a clue for us. The tumor is known to have a good prognosis, but it may have an unpredictable clinical course, so close follow-up has a great importance.

Background and Purpose: Recent studies have shown that diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters are used to follow the patients with breast cancer and correlate well as a prognostic parameter of breast cancer. However, as far as we know there is no data to compare the DTI features of breast cancer brain metastases according to molecular subtypes in the literature. Our aim is to evaluate whether there are any differences in DTI parameters of brain metastases in patients with breast cancer according to molecular subtypes. Methods: Twenty-seven patients with breast cancer and 82 metastatic brain lesions were included. We classified subjects into three subgroups according to their hormone expression; Group 0, triple negative (n; 6, 19 lesions), group 1, HER2-positive (n;16, 54 lesions) and group 2, hormone positive group (n; 5, 9 lesions). The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) values in DTI were measured and compared between three groups. Results: ADC, AD and RD values of group 2 were significantly lower compared to group 0. No significant differences were found in FA, ADC, AD and RD values between the group 0 and 1 and the group 1 and 2. Conclusion: Metastasis of aggressive triple negative breast cancer showed higher ADC values compared to less aggressive hormone positive group. Higher ADC values in brain metastases of breast cancer may indicate a poor prognosis, so DTI findings could play a role in planning appropriate treatment.

Background: The importance of pre-treatment Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) parameters in determining the response to treatment after radiosurgery in patients with meningioma has not yet been clearly revealed. Objective: To determine tumor volume changes in terms of radiological response in patients with meningioma treated with Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKR) and to analyze the relationship between total tumor volume (TTV) and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) parameters. In addition, we investigated whether the response to treatment can be predicted by pre-radiosurgery DTI findings. Methods: Fifty-four patients were assessed using MRI and DTI before and after GKR. Mean diffusivity (MD), Fractional anisotropy (FA), Radial diffusivity (RD) and TTV were calculated from the tumor. Patients with 10% or more decrease in TTV after GKR were classified as group 1 and those with less than 10% decrease in volume or increase in volume were considered as group 2. The relationships between MD, RD, and FA values and TTV were investigated. Results: A decrease of 46.34% in TTV was detected in group 1 after GKR, while TTV increased by 42.91% in group 2. The lowest pre-treatment FA value was detected in group 1. In addition, after GKR, FA values showed a significant increase in group 1. MD and RD values increased in both groups after radiosurgery. There was a negative correlation between pre-treatment FA, and RD and MD values after radiosurgery. Conclusions: Detection of low FA values due to poor fiber content in meningioma before radiosurgery may be a guide in predicting the response to treatment. Further studies are required to have a better understanding of the relationship between pre- and post-treatment follow-up FA values and tumor volume in determining the efficacy of GKR in patients with meningioma.