Yogurt merupakan produk pangan fermentasi yang terbuat dari susu probiotik, seperti susu kambing etawa yang umumnya menggunakan peran bakteri asam laktat Lactobacillus bulgaricus dan Streptococcus thermophillus. Salah satu produsen yogurt yang menggunakan bahan susu kambing etawa yakni Goatzilla Farm and Café di Kabupaten Lumajang. Proses pembuatannya masih terhambat oleh fermentor yang sangat sederhana, kurang higenis, serta kondisi suhu dan pH fermentasi yang tidak stabil, sehingga dibutuhkan alternatif fermentor yang lebih optimal. Rancang bangun fermentor yogurt berkapasitas 18L dengan sistem kontrol pH 4502C dan suhu DS18B20 berbasis Arduino UNO R3 menjadi solusi yang ditawarkan, serta bertujuan agar proses fermentasi dan kualitas yogurt yang dihasilkan menjadi lebih baik. Arduino UNO R3 berfungsi sebagai pengendali utama dan pengendali komponen elektronika lainnya. Sensor suhu DS18B20 dan pH 4502C mengirim data tegangan secara real time dan otomatis kepada Arduino UNO R3 untuk diubah menjadi angka digital dan ditampilkan pada LCD 16x2. Hasil percobaan fermentor selama 2-8 jam menggunakan sensor suhu DS18B20 menunjukkan profil suhu stabil rentang 35oC-45oC, rata-rata %error 6.1%, dan menunjukkan performa kerja sensor suhu DS18B20 dapat bekerja dengan baik untuk mengukur suhu selama proses fermentasi yogurt. Sedangkan hasil percobaan menggunakan sensor pH 4502C menunjukkan profil nilai pH beragam pada rentang 5.1-6.8, rata-rata %error 12.6%, dan menunjukkan performa kerja sensor pH 4502C kurang baik apabila digunakan untuk mengukur pH yogurt. Nilai pH tersebut menunjukkan yogurt yang dihasilkan masih belum sesuai dengan standar SNI 2981-2009 yogurt dan perlakuan sensor pH perlu dioptimasi kembali
CHITOSAN ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS USING A COMBINATION OF ENDO-GLUCANASE AND CELLOBIOHYDROLASE. Chitosan is very promising in various fields
Clove oil is one of the Indonesia's leading products in world essence oil trade. One of the problems encountered during the distillation process is the essential oil trapped in the plant tissues which can decrease its yield. A fermentation process will degrade plant tissues so the oil is expected to came out during distillation process more easily. This research started with solid state fermentation using Trichoderma harzianum for 4, 6, 8, and 12 days. Samples that have been through fermentation process were extracted by steam distillation at atmospheric pressure for 6 hours starting from first distillate droplets. Without fermentation, a yield of 0.57% was obtained. The results showed that pretreatment in the form of fermentation can increase the yield of clove leaf oil 2.8 times compared with no pretreatment in the form of fermentation. The highest yield was obtained at the time of fermentation for 8 days with the yield of 1.62%, which was 3 times higher than the clove leaf oil obtained without fermentation process.
Red cabbage and white cabbage contain several beneficial compounds, such as anthocyanins that can scavenge free radicals. The study aimed to determine the effect of drying on anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity in red cabbage and white cabbage. Each cabbage will be given two pretreatments, namely: (1) drying, and (2) without drying. Maceration extraction using a mixture of water and methanol 50:50 (v/v) acidified with 7% citric acid with a liquid to solid mass ratio of 1:4 (w/v) and with a controlled temperature of 60°C for a period of 1 h. Cabbage extract was examined for anthocyanin content by differential pH method and antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH method. The results showed anthocyanin content in crude fresh red cabbage extract 64.124 mg/L, crude dried red cabbage extract 210.74 mg/L, crude fresh white cabbage extract 0.445 mg/L, crude dried white cabbage extract 0.584 mg/L. The antioxidant activity (IC50) of crude fresh red cabbage extract, crude dried red cabbage extract, crude fresh white cabbage extract, and crude dried white cabbage extract were 54,317 ppm, 49,464 ppm, 131,878 ppm, and 107,069 ppm, respectively. The optimum results were crude dried red cabbage extract with a yield of 25.2%, anthocyanin content of 210.74 mg/L, IC50 value of 49.464 ppm.
Rendemen minyak jahe hasil penyulingan pada umumnya masih rendah, maka perlu metode yang mampu meningkatkan rendemen minyak jahe hasil penyulingan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perlakuan awal berupa fermentasi pada jahe merah. Fermentasi dilakukan pada jahe merah dengan ukuran ± 1 x 1 cm, berlangsung secara aerob, pada suhu ruangan, pH 4, moisture jahe merah 40-45%, dan konsentrasi T.harzianum dalam fermentor ± 1,087 x 104 mg/L. Selanjutnya, destilasi uap dilakukan selama 8 jam pada jahe merah yang telah difermentasi maupun yang tanpa fermentasi. Perolehan minyak jahe setelah fermentasi selama 2, 6, dan 8 hari dibandingkan dengan minyak jahe tanpa fermentasi untuk mengetahui pengaruh fermentasi terhadap peningkatan rendemen minyak jahe. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jahe merah tanpa fermentasi, dan dengan jahe yang difermentasi selama 2, 6, dan 8 hari secara berturut-turut sebesar menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 0,015% ; 0,020% ; 0,076%; dan 0,025%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, fermentasi jahe merah selama 6 hari menghasilkan rendemen minyak jahe tertinggi.
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