Introduction The creation of digestive stomata is associated with a change in people's lives. Causing a strong impact that influences all dimensions of life. This paper reports on the effects of socio-educational interventions on the quality of life (QOL) of people with a digestive ostomy. Objective To describe the effect of a nursing intervention on the QOL of people with a digestive ostomy. Methods A quasiexperimental study was conducted whose sample consisted of 12 people who were ostomized in a public hospital in Colombia. Participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the intervention group and the control group. For the control group, an educational process was carried out through a theoretical session with virtual mediation (educational video). The QOL was evaluated before and after the interventions through the Montreux questionnaire. Results The average age was 57(+7) years. No statistical differences were found between the groups in the QOL index or for any of the dimensions that make up QOL. Pretest and post-test analysis for each intervention separately showed improvement in two dimensions of QOL for each group; in the intervention group body image dimension ( p = .017) and the positive coping dimension ( p = .027). In the control group, the physical well-being dimension ( p = .037) and social concerns dimension ( p = .034). Conclusions The personalized educational intervention or carried out through virtual pedagogical mediation, generated a clinically significant increase in the dimensions of QOL, without statistical differences. The study adds knowledge about the impact that digestive stomata have on the QOL, which is why it is necessary to establish specialized interdisciplinary teams to care for the person's new condition at home during the following months.
Introducción: las personas ostomizadas experimentan problemáticas clínicas, personales, familiares y sociales que repercuten en su calidad de vida. Objetivo: realizar una revisión bibliométrica y exploratoria relacionada con la calidad de vida en personas portadoras de ostomías digestivas. Metodología: se realizó búsqueda en Scopus, utilizando los descriptores: “Quality of life” y “Surgical stomas”. Se seleccionaron artículos publicados a partir del año 2014, en cualquier idioma, derivados de investigación y revisiones, escritos por enfermería exclusivamente o en cooperación con otras áreas de salud; se excluyeron las publicaciones de ostomías urológicas y respiratorias. Resultados: la muestra total fue de 39 manuscritos. El año de mayor publicación fue 2016; el 66,7 % de las investigaciones correspondía a nivel de evidencia baja y el 56,4 % correspondía a investigaciones descriptivas. A nivel exploratorio, el 31,4 % de los estudios utilizó cuestionarios relacionados con la calidad de vida, en el 14,2 % se indagó la calidad de vida a través de estudios cualitativos y en el 54,2 % se evaluaron otras temáticas que interfieren en la calidad de vida. Conclusión: la bibliometría muestra publicaciones con nivel de evidencia baja. Los resultados exploratorios muestran alteración del bienestar en la dimensión física primordialmente, generando situaciones de afrontamiento que afectan la calidad de vida.
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