ResumenExiste una diferencia entre comunidades respecto al acceso y uso de herramientas tecnológicas para satisfacer necesidades y mejorar condiciones de vida; fenómeno definido como brecha digital. Para reducir dicha diferencia se emprenden propuestas y procesos en el marco del fenómeno denominado inclusión digital.Se ha identificado que estos dos fenómenos integran aspectos sociales y tecnológicos que deben ser considerados al momento de implementar los programas y proyectos.Adicionalmente, se considera que la Administración de Sistemas Informáticos es un área disciplinar que integra conocimientos necesarios para estudiar dichos fenómenos. La administración es una disciplina de las ciencias sociales y los sistemas informáticos son productos que se desarrollan en el marco de las ciencias exactas.En el presente documento se plantea la relación entre la Administración de Sistemas Informáticos y el estudio (análisis, mejora, diseño y propuesta) de los fenómenos de la brecha e inclusión digital. Palabras clave: inclusión digital, brecha digital, sistemas informáticos. AbstractThere seems to be a difference among diverse communities, regarding the access and the use of technological tools, to satisfy necessities and to improve the quality of life of people, which is a phenomenon defined as: digital gap. To reduce the gap, there have been carried out several proposals and processes, by means of the digital inclusion phenomenon. Revista EIA, ISSN 1794-1237 / Año XV / Volumen 15 / Edición N.30 / Julio-Diciembre 2018 Publicación semestral de carácter técnico-científico / Universidad EIA, Envigado (Colombia)

This research tackles the phenomenon of digital inclusion, considered as a type of social development that has grown, due to the advance of information and communication technologies (ICT). It is worth noting that, the "ICT advance" has not been uniformly distributed, since there is a difference regarding the access to technology, and to the use of it among groups and people. Though the governments, the organizations and the ICT institutions, recognize the social nature of the digital inclusion, and also, they are aware of the necessity of integrating communities and people, with the process of program and/or project management; these people and communities are not considered, in the proposals that are being made about this issue. Likewise, though it is clear in the revision of literature, the necessity of having quantitative and qualitative approaches, the numerical approach that is being performed in the phenomenon is evident. Additionally, it has been identified the fact that, there are diverse personal and social characteristics, that allow the appropriation of ICT tools, as well as their use to achieve goals and to improve the conditions, for participating in the employment, education and political activities. The digital inclusion is a situation that involves different factors, such as: cultural, technical, social, financial, regulatory, moral and even ecological. If this topic is tackled in a quantitative way, the aforementioned factors seem to be unrelated. However, in the literature analysis, their relation is obvious, as well as the fact that they cannot be unrelated form one another. In other words, the elements that conform the digital inclusion phenomenon, are not only heterogeneous, but also inter-definable. The former statement justifies the analysis of the digital inclusion phenomenon, as a complex system; since regarding the ICT appropriation, there is a wide variety of proposals, considering the personal and social variables, that regulate this process. Nevertheless, there is not yet a consensus about these variables, which is the proposal presented in this paper.

Los fenómenos sociotecnológicos se caracterizan por integrar aspectos sociales, técnicos y tecnológicos. Este tipo de fenómenos están compuestos por personas que pretenden alcanzar una serie de objetivos por medio de herramientas tecnológicas. Para entender el comportamiento dinámico de estos fenómenos, se hace necesario realizar procesos de modelamiento y simulación que integren los múltiples elementos y relaciones que los componen. El objetivo de este documento fue explicar el campo teórico del modelamiento y la simulación de los fenómenos sociotecnológicos desde un proceso de revisión sistemática de la literatura, la aplicación de la metodología de vigilancia tecnológica UNE 166006:2011 y minería de datos mediante el software Vantage Point. Como una de las conclusiones identificadas se menciona que este campo está abierto a la investigación que desde Colombia y Latinoamérica se pueda hacer.

The use in the cities of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) has increased, due to the political and economical control, that has favored their development. This new type of city (system) holds different names: Digital City and Smart City. The Smart City is a self-sustaining city. In the most innovative-technological dimension, there are included the factors for sustainable development. The Smart City uses the ICT, with the purpose of providing an infrastructure, that can guarantee: a sustainable development, an better life quality for its population, a higher efficiency when using the resources that are available and, a more active participation of the citizens. The focus of Smart City, is more popular among projects that imply transformation for this kind of cities. However, in researches that measure and classify some of the smart cities, there have been presented ideal models, where the main characteristics are based in the subsystems of these cities. The factor that allows establishing the level of intelligence that a city has achieved, is the analysis of a real city and then, comparing it to the features of a Smart City. This measurement model, can be adopted by the municipal government of the city, in order to carry out special improvement activities in their development plans. The case in this paper is the city of Manizales, which is considered to be the ICT city of Colombia. It was labeled as a Smart City by the adoption of intensive systems in ICT. Nevertheless, and according to a recent study in FEDESARROLLO, Manizales has the lowest usage rate of ICT in Colombia, based on the different components of urban intelligence. Therefore, this label is not based in a measurement that comprises all of the factors that define this type of cities. The project that is presented in this paper aims to set an assessment model, in order to measure the intelligence of Manizales as a Smart City. This paper is the final paper for graduation, in the Masters Program of Information Systems Management (Major).