Background: Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis. Tularemia presents with various clinical illnesses, but meningitis is rare. Objectives: To describe a patient who developed typhoidal tularemia with atypical acute meningitis and to review the pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory features, and antibiotic drug treatment of reported cases of tularemic meningitis.

Most patients presenting for evaluation of headache meet diagnostic criteria for a benign, primary headache disorder based on history and physical examination findings alone. No further testing is needed in such cases. Additional diagnostic evaluation is needed in cases that do not meet criteria for a primary headache disorder or which are associated with unusual or worrisome features. This article will review secondary causes of headache listed in the International Classification of Headache Disorders-II in which blood and urine testing might aid in diagnosis. We offer recommendations for diagnostic evaluation when these disorders are suspected causes of headache.

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Headaches are a common complaint for most women during their lifetime, including gestation and puerperium. Tension-type headaches and migraine flare-ups are the most common headache complications after delivery, but the differential diagnosis of postpartum headache is broad. The clinician must distinguish common headache syndromes from dangerous causes of postpartum headache. We will focus on early postpartum headaches in the form of case discussions that will include clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and treatment.