Contribution to the study of the effect of urban wastewater on the degradation of ground water quality and to the treatment by filtration on dune sand of the city of Bechar (Algeria), Desalination and Water Treatment, 30:1-3, 58-68To link to this article: http://dx.

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Springs are natural outflows of groundwater to the surface, enabling to understand the processes of their mineralization; contact with rocks modifies their chemical composition, a combination that is expressed in hydrochemical facies, which are classified into several types. Knowledge of the spatial distribution and chemical composition of spring waters is essential for a good understanding of the hydrodynamisms and hydrogeology of a given region. The mountains bordering the town of Mila are home to a number of groundwater springs, 25 of which are the subject of this study. They were sampled, then analysed at the ADE Mila (Algerian Water Company) laboratory in 2021, and their hydrochemical properties were determined. Geologically, the area hosting these springs belongs to the Tellian domain, the eastern segment of the Maghreb chain, which represents the alpine range of North Africa. Comparison of the water quality of these springs with Algerian and WHO (World Health Organization) drinkable standards has enabled most samples to be classified as soft or moderately hard water, with the dominant facies HCO3-–Ca2+–Mg2+ and Cl−–SO42-–Ca2+–Mg2+. In these waters, the main factors controlling hydrochemical composition are water–rock interactions, and also the contribution of rainwater.

This manuscript studies the problem of the wastewater influence on groundwater chemistry, particularly the microbiological quality setting and risk to public health in an urban environment, in an arid climate. The study of the spatial and temporal variation in the chemical and microbiological composition of Béchar city groundwater identifies the impact intensity that directly affects its quality. Microbiological analysis (total bacteria, total coliforms, Streptococcus, Clostridium sulphite-reducing), including microorganisms research (fecal coliform) indicators of anthropogenic pollution (sewage) is also made, confirmed and interpreted by significant microbial load presence, the highest ones are located south of the city. The evaluation of the risk index for the determiner: groundwater ingestion, with Pb and Zn ions, for children and adults, is significant, and worth 1.3 (Pb, children) which expresses a public health real risk presence, and appropriate measures must be recommended to eliminate it.