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complications occurred after SE (4%) compared to VAE (6%)(r¼ 0.72, p¼0.4). However more severe complications such as wound infections and chronic pain occurred after surgery, while complications after VAE were less severe such as hematomas or short term pain complaints. Tumor size and number of resected tumors was not significantly different for patients with or without complications or re-excision. The response rate for cosmetic outcome was 59% (93 out of 158 patients). Mean cosmetic outcome score after VAE was 1.55 (SD 0.4) and was comparable to cosmetic outcome after surgical excision (mean ± SD: 1.52 ± 0.4, p ¼ 0.3). Multivariable regressions showed that absence of follow-up complications was the only significant factor associated with a better mean cosmetic outcome score (b ¼ 0.56, SE ¼ 0.21, p < 0.01). Conclusions: No significant differences in re-excision, complication rate or cosmetic outcome were found when fibroadenoma or benign phyllodes tumors were treated with VAE or SE. In consultation with the patient, a VAE is a good alternative for surgical excision for fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumors.

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