[1] Diurnal cycle hourly horizontal wind measurements by VHF radar in the altitude range of 3 -20 km made at a low-latitude station, Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E), are used to investigate seasonal variation of tidal parameters. The observations are compared with the recent updated version of the global scale wave model (GSWM-2000). Measured amplitudes are found to be much larger than model values, the discrepancy being larger in convective seasons, particularly for zonal winds. Observations suggest superposition of nonmigrating modes on normal migrating tides. The comparison between the observed and model is good in phase behavior, especially for meridional winds. The terdiurnal component is found to have significant amplitude. Energy densities of tidal components become maximum in the upper troposphere and get reduced in the lower stratosphere. However, the seasonal variations deserve further investigation with longer data sets and with a stress on interannual variability.

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With the onset of water production, mineral scale deposition appears in the oil and gas wells. The scale deposition in wellbores and flow lines is a universal challenge that has to be addressed with technical and economical effectiveness. Efforts are ongoing to effectively inhibit the scales or remove them through chemical or mechanical means. Kuwait Oil Company is planning to improve the production to 4.0 MM BOPD by the year 2020. In this pursuit, all the possible efforts are made to increase production including application of new technology in drilling, completion, well production and facilities. One of the key aspects of production improvement from individual wells is to avoid any obstruction in the wellbore, wellhead and flow lines that might affect the smooth flow of hydrocarbons. This includes the augmented steps on eliminating mineral deposition from wellbore and flow lines. The wells are suffering from frequent scale deposition in wellbore and flow lines. Usually these problems are mitigated by using strong acid. However, due to maturing of field the wells are generally completed with ESPs. When acids like HCl are used, these ESPs are corroded severely adding extra cost of workover and production loss. This challenge is driving the operators to use less aggressive chemicals that remain environmentally friendly and can maintain the integrity of submersible pumps, metallurgy of the flow lines and other components. To meet this challenge, various chemicals were evaluated through laboratory tests and case histories. The chemical composed of Glutamic acid was selected for the first pilot. The pieces of tubular and other well components suffering from scale deposition were tested in the lab and the results were found to be highly encouraging. Based on this a pilot campaign was initiated with a batch of eight wells to treat wellbore and flow lines. All the treatments were found highly successful. Due to this treatment, the daily production has been improved to 5,000 BOPD without any extra activity such as replacement of ESP or flow line tubing due to corrosion. The paper presents the technology evaluation process, lab testing and field trial results.