This study was conducted to evaluate the ability of some fungal culture filtrate, as biocontrol agents against okra wilt caused by Fusariumsolani. and Meloidogynejavanica. In the present study, fungal culture filtrates (FCFs) of Aspergillusterreus (1), Aspergillusterreus (2), Penicilliumchrysogenum, and Trichoderma spp. were tested against M.javanica in vitro. The effects of P.chrysogenum and Trichoderma spp. (FCFs) in controlling root-rot fungi and root-knot nematode disease complex on okra plants were studied under greenhouse conditions (In vivo). In vitro experiment, the results revealed cumulative rate of J2s mortality of M.javanica reached to 97.67 and 95% by P.chrysogenum and Trichoderma spp., respectively, after 72 h. incubation. Additionally, Trichoderma spp exhibited the most effective inhibitory activity against the pathogen's radial growth, with a percentage of 68%. P.chrysogenum ranked second with 53.88%, while A.terreus (2) demonstrated the weakest inhibitory effect of 24.11%. T6 [Nematode infection (M.javanica) + Fungus infection (F.solani) + Overflowed with fungal culture filtrate (P.chrysogenum)] and T8 [Nematode infection (M.javanica) + Fungus infection (F.solani) + spray with fungal culture filtrate (P.chrysogenum)] had the greatest effects on nematode galling indices on okra roots and substantially reduced the reproductive factors in the greenhouse (In vivo experiment). T6 was the best treatment to decrease disease severity, as reached (28%) relatively. On the other hand, T12 [(Fungus infection (F.solani) + (Dovex 50% fungicide with irrigation water)] recorded the lowest disease severity reaching (8%) relatively. The results showed that nematode infection or fungus infection or both decreased all studied anatomical characteristics of okra root, stem, and leaves. We concluded from this study that root-knot nematode and root-rot fungi were reduced by using fungal culture filtrates and could improve plant growth.

The efficacy of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) agro-wastes viz. palm fibers, green drop fruits, palm fronds and rules of leaves applied as powder or soakage to soil at various rates of application were evaluated for their nematisidal activates against root-knot nematode, Meloidogynejavanicaand reniform nematode, Rotylenchulusreniformis infected common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Polista under greenhouse conditions. All the tested soil amendments of date palm wastes significantly reduced the number of nematode in soil, developmental stages and egg-masses per root for both nematode species as well as the number of root galls formed by root-knot nematode on common bean roots when compared with untreated check. Also, the percentage values of reductions of nematode final population and egg production as well as the rate of nematode reproduction gradually decreased with increasing the amount of agro-wastes of date palm to the soil. The agro-wastes of green drop fruits and rules of leaves applied as powder or soakage at the rates of 15 and 20 g/kg soil proved to be the best effect in controlling for both nematode species than those of the other tested treatments. It is worthy to not that the effect of the powder of agro-wastes of date palm on M. javanica reproduction was more than the soaking agro-wastes while the soaking agro-wastes on nematode reproduction of R. reniformis was more effective than powder agrowastes.

The effect of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica and the reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis alone on nodulation of four Rhizobium species on roots of 27 cultivars related to six leguminous species were evaluated. The formation of nodules on their roots varied greatly in their numbers according to host species, host cultivars, rhizobal species and nematode species. The greater nodulation reduction in infected roots with nematode species, M. javanica and R. reniformis was observed on roots of common bean cvs. Exira, Nebraska, Polista and Savana inoculated with rhizobial species Rhizobium phaseoli and lupine cv. Giza 2 inoculated with rhizobial species R. lupine. In general, inoculation of M. javanica or R. reniformis with rhizobial species greatly reduced root nodulation as compared to leguminous species inoculated with Rhizobium species alone. Also, it is important to note that the reduction in the number of bacterial nodules was more pronounced with R. reniformis infection than with M. javanica infection. It is noteworthy that the number of nodules on roots of broad bean cv. Wade 1 inoculated with R. phaseoli increased by both nematode species infections.

Aqueous extracts of black nightshade, Solanum nigrum; deadly nightshade, Atropa belladonna; Egyptian henbane, Hyoscyamus muticus; thorn apple, Datura innoxia; ashwagndha, Withania somnifera leaves and fruits of chili pepper, Capsicum frutescens were assessed on juvenile mortality and egg hatching of the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica in vitro. The nematode mortalities were in the range of (54.33 to 100.0 %) in concentrations S/16, S/8 and S/4 compared to distilled water (1.33 %) and increased with the increase of the exposure time from 24 to 72 hrs. Deadly nightshade and chili pepper extracts were the most effective against second stage juveniles of nematode at concentration of S/4, followed by aqueous extracts of ashwagndha, thorn apple, black nightshade. Result showed that, the highest reduction in hatching inhibition percentage was recorded with concentration (S/4) of ashwagndha (97.63 %) followed by Egyptian henbane, deadly nightshade, black nightshade, thorn apple and chili pepper with inhibition percentages as (95.42, 94.60, 92.87, 79.61 and 67.97%) respectively.

Under laboratory conditions, aqueous, acetonic and methanolic extracts of Solanum nigrum, Atropa belladonna, Hyoscyamus muticus, Capsicum frutescens, Datura innoxia and Withania somnifera were tested against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica. All the tested materials affected the survival of the nematode juveniles and egg-masses hatched depending on materials property, concentrations and solvents used in extraction. The aqueous extract had the best percentage of mortality and inhibition of egg hatching compared to the acetonic and methanolic extracts. Whereas, aqueous extracts of deadly nightshade, winter cherry and chili pepper at concentration 500 ppm applied to the plants as foliar sprays alone, foliar sprays with chelates and soil drenches were tested against root-knot nematode M. javanica infecting tomato plants cv. Strain-B under greenhouse conditions. Almost tested materials have significantly reduced nematode parameters compared to Oxamyl 24% L. and the untreated plants (check). The degree of nematode reduction varied according to the method of applications and the type of materials. Adding the extract with the chelating nutrients improved the properties of the plant, but adding the extract as doses to the soil reduced the numbers of nematodes better than other methods of application.