Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are increasingly being widely used in several biomedical applications for their compatibility of synthesis and less toxicity. The mixture of gold and titanium oxide nanoparticles is suspended in water to make a new class of nanofluid, which is called a hybrid nanofluid. The problem of direct current (DC)/alternating current (AC) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) micropump of the hybrid nanofluid through a porous medium in the gap between vertical coaxial microtubes with heat transfer has been discussed. The mathematical model is established and then solved with the help of the Laplace transform. The inversion of the transformed functions is calculated numerically. The velocity, the flowrate, the pressure, and the heat transfer are discussed graphically. The higher concentration of the mixture of particles enhances the stream so that the required pressure is small. Moreover, it is found that the variation of the Nusselt number is noticeable by increasing the concentrations of nanoparticles, but this variation vanishes near the outer tube.

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This article models the transport mechanism of mass and heat energy under temperature and concentration gradients. Mathematical models in the form of partial differential equations based on conservation laws for fluid flow and transfer of heat and mass subjected to thermal diffusion and diffusion thermos, heat generation porous medium, and buoyancy forces are developed under boundary layer approximations. These models along with models of nanostructures are solved numerically using the shooting method with the Runge–Kutta method of order five. Convergent solutions are obtained and are used for parametric analysis regarding thermal enhancement of a working fluid having nanoparticles of CuO, Al2O3, and TiO2. Numerical experiments are performed and it is observed that the transport of heat is accelerated when the compositional gradient is increased. Similarly, a significant rise in the transport across concentration is noted when the temperature gradient is increased. The magnetohydrodynamic flow experienced retardation when the porous medium parameter and Hartmann number are increased. The temperature increased when the friction force produced heat and that heat is distributed to the particles of the fluid. Hence, viscous dissipation is responsible for widening the thermal boundary layer region.

This paper aims to introduce the notion of r-single-valued neutrosophic connected sets in single-valued neutrosophic topological spaces, which is considered as a generalization of r-connected sets in Šostak’s sense and r-connected sets in intuitionistic fuzzy topological spaces. In addition, it introduces the concept of r-single-valued neutrosophic separated and obtains some of its basic properties. It also tries to show that every r-single-valued neutrosophic component in single-valued neutrosophic topological spaces is an r-single-valued neutrosophic component in the stratification of it. Finally, for the purpose of symmetry, it defines the so-called single-valued neutrosophic relations.