A threshing process for peanut crop is considered one of the most essential agricultural operations. Therefore, the research aimed to develop a local threshing machine for separating and extracting the peanut pods from straw and other materials. This was done by replacing the normal concave with a new one with opening of 7×7cm per opening (square shape). The front sieve is replaced with its last holes in the form of slides, with a distance of 0.5 cm. And adjusting the clearance between the threshing drum and concave in range of 7cm for drum-type (1) and the clearance between the threshing drum and concave should be 5cm for drum-type (2), The experimental work was carried out at El Delengat district, Behera Governorate. The performance of the thresher was tested under three crop feeding rates of 15, 20, and 25 kg/min, meanwhile, four speeds for a threshing drum 300, 350, 400, and 450 rpm (10.99, 12.82, 14.65, and 16.48m/s) and two types of threshing drums were tested, drum-type (1) 44 knives with a concave clearance 7cm and drum-type (2) 22 knives with a concave clearance 5cm. The results conducted that, the highest threshing efficiency (99. 7%) was obtained by drum type (2) under 450 rpm drum speed and 15kg/min feeding rate. The modified drum type (2) showed the lowest broken pods with an average of 1.93%. The lowest required power (12.2 kW) was shown under 300 rpm drum speed and 15 kg/min feeding rate.

Spraying pesticides are important to protect crops from insects consequently to obtain the highest production yield. The manual or battery knapsack sprayers are dominant in the Egyptian market. However, the first type depends on the operator skill and for the second type; the battery charge is not constant throughout the operating period. Therefore, the research aimed to develop a knapsack sprayer powered by solar energy that operates throughout the day at constant flow rate pressure. This was achieved by manufacturing the developed sprayer from local materials, and by providing it with a solar pump powered by a battery, the photovoltaic panel and an electronic circuit in which the spray pressure can be controlled from 0 to 4 bars. The amount of pesticide can be controlled according to the age of the plant, as well as, the uniformity of pesticide distribution identified using constant pressure throughout the spray period and thus ensuring the fairness of pesticide distribution and not relying on lobar experience. The results indicated that the number of operating hours for the developed sprayer reaches more than 8 hours per day with constant pressure compared to using the battery-powered sprayer only, which operates from 1.5 to 3 hours only with no pressure stability at a flow rate 600 to 1000 ml/min. On the economic side, the cost of spraying from the developed sprayer is 54.37 L.E/fed compared with (102.50 and 79.70 LE /fed) for manually sprayer and battery sprayer, respectively. Therefore, a developed sprayer is high economic and practical value in the agricultural sector.

The objective of this research was to develop a single-row of automatic potato planter by modification the metering mechanism spoon size to well-matched with size and shape of slide tuber that previous cutting to overcome the high prices of import potato tuber in January period. This planter was locally fabricated to be operated by mini tractor to suit the small holdings. The modified planter performance was evaluated under three different spoon diameters of 25, 35 and 45 mm, three forward speeds of 1.6, 2.4 and 3.2 km/h and two different shapes of potato (oblong and spherical) namely, Sponta and Diamond varieties. The field results revealed that, as spoon size diameters (D) increased from 25 to 45 mm, the percent of void tubers decreased from 4.04 to 2.58% and the percent of double tubers increased from 2.83 to 8.31 %. While as the forward speed (S) increased from 1.6 to 3.2 km/h, the percent of void tubers increased from 2.57 to 3.87 % and the percent of double tubers decreased from 7.18 to 4.95 %. The proper distribution uniformity values of 91.81% for the potato planter was obtained at 25 mm spoon diameter and 3.2 km/h forward speed which gave 3.4 and 4.79 % for the percent of void and double tubers respectively. The distribution uniformity of oblong potato tubers (Sponta) was better than that of spherical potato tubers (Diamond). At the proper operating parameters, the consumed specific energy was 22.28 kWh/fed, the estimated total costs was 180.18 EGP/fed.

This study aims to develop a commonly used sprayer in the Egyptian farms (gun sprayer, Alcon Motori) adapted for orchard fields. The main aspect of the modified sprayer was the ability to move nozzles at vertical reciprocating motion NVRM which improves the deposition of the pesticide on upper and lower leaf surfaces. The modified sprayer included the following parts: nozzle carrier frame, pesticide tank, pump, pressure regulator, pressure gauge and hoses. The modified sprayer was evaluated under three different forward speeds "FS" of 2.4, 3.4, and 4.6 km/h, three nozzle reciprocating displacement "NRD" of 250, 400, and 600 mm, and three values of operating pressure "OP" of 1000, 1500, and 2000 kPa on the number of droplets deposition at the upper and lower leaf surface, the dropletmean diameter, application rate, machine field capacity, and spraying cost. Results revealed that increasing the forward speedcaused decreasing the number of droplet; droplet means diameter, application rate, spraying cost, and increasing the sprayer field capacity. The droplet density and droplet mean diameter were inversely proportional to the nozzle reciprocating displacement. The operatingpressure at 2000 kPa resulted in the highest droplet density and the lowest droplet mean diameter at different forward speeds and nozzles reciprocating displacement.

This study was conducted to manufacture a miniature version of the widespread threshing machine in Egypt and to evaluate its performance. The threshing machine was manufactured at Tanta Motors factory (Emagro), and its performance was evaluated at Etay El Baroud Agricultural Research Station in 2020 in two independent experiments according to the threshed crop. The crops of soybean and dry bean were threshed at different drum speeds of 350, 400, 450 and 500 rpm (9.34, 10.67, 12.01 and 13.34 m/s) and three feeding rates of 300, 400 and 500 kg/h for performance evaluation. The results indicated that the drum speed of 450 rpm (12.01 m/s) and feeding rate of 500 kg/h were the optimum for both crops, as the lowest criterion costs of 948 and 908.4 L.E/Mg were achieved for soybean and dry bean respectively. Also; the threshing efficiency of 98.03% and 97.79%, seed damage of 2.72% and 2.55%, cleaning efficiency of 97.77% and 97.61%, specific consumed energy of 37.93 and 35.41 kWh/Mg and private cost (operating and fixed costs) of 526.5 and 480 L.E/Mg were obtained with soybean and dry bean respectively.