No abstract

This work was carried out to investigate the effect of using Sesbanialseeds (SS) (treated and untreated) to partially substitute concentrate feed mixture (CFM) protein in rations of pregnant goats during the late pregnancy and suckling periods and its influence on production performance of Zaraibi does and their new born kids. The impact on some metabolic parameters (rumen and blood) as well as economic efficiency was also tested. Twentylfive Zaraibi does inlthe 2 th , 3 nd and 4 th seasonslof lactationl (weighing on averagel35.88 kg) werelused. Thelanimals wereldivided accordinglto theirlbody weightlinto five similarlgroups (5 each), tolstudy effectlof usingl Sesbanialseeds las alsource oflprotein atllevels of 0.0% (G1), 10% (G2) and 20% (G3) from CFM protein. Sesbanialseeds wereltreated (TSS) bylsocking and roasting and used at the same levels (10 and 20%) in G4 and G5, respectively. The obtained results showed that the daily dry matter intake tended to decrease with increasing level of Sesbanialseeds in goats' rations. The same trend wasiobservedlwith treated Sesbanialseeds (TSS). The clear decrease in DM intake as g/h and g/kgw 0.75 with increasing level of Sesbanialseeds even after being treatedlmight indicate thatlsome anti-nutrional factors lremained in the seeds. On thelother hand, the daily DMlintake expressedlas BW% and g/kg w 0.75 duringlsuckling periodlwas higherlthan that consumedlduring the latelpregnancy periodlin allltreatments. Thislmay belattributed tolthe increased rumenlsize of thelanimals afterlparturition andlbeing freelof the gravedluterus stresslon thelrumen. Inlthe sametime, thelhighest valuelof waterlconsumption as l/h, ml/kgw 0.75 andlml/gDM intakelwas recorded with G5 thenlG4;whereas, thellowest valuelwas found in G1. Theleffect of theltested experimental rationslon both pH valueland ammonia-N concentrationslwas notlsignificant withleach samplingltime. Ruminalltotal VFA's concentrations duringlall hourslpost-feedinglwere thelhighest with G4,whilelthe lowestlvalues wereldetected with G3,and the differenceslwere significantlamong intervalslof sampling. Ruminallmicrobial protein waslsignificantly higherlwith G4 then G3 at 2 and 4 hrs. post-feeding. lThe effectlof theltested rations during late pregnancyland sucklinglperiods indicatedlthat mostlhematological parametersltended toldecrease duringlthe lastlpregnancy periodlthen inlsuckling periodland the differenceslwere onlylsignificant in valueslof Hb, RBC's, MCHC ,lymphocytes, and lplatelets. Duringlthe late lpregnancy period, the lconcentrations oflcreatinine and thyroid lhormones significantlylincreased compared withlduring the sucklinglperiod. Calcium, phosphorus and lmanganiseium were lhigher during sucklinglperiods comparedlwithlate periods. Thellive bodylweight (LBW) ofldoes increasedlto the maximumlbefore parturitionland recorded thelhighest values thenlsharply decreased (post-parturition) to thelminimum atlday 90 th (weaning) inlall groups. Theldoes givenlSesbanialseeds duringlthe last two monthlof pregnancy gavelborn kids withlhea...

The aims of this study was to evaluate the effect of tonophosphan (TPH), as a phosphorous compound, on resumption of estrus and ovulatory activity of anestrous Egyptian buffalo heifers and anestrous post-partum buffalo cows, in relation with blood phosphorus level. Total of 24 anestrus animals with smooth ovaries and serum progesterone of <1 ng/ml up to 90 days postpartum (12 buffalo cows, weighing 470-530 kg, aging 5-7 years and between 3-4 parities. as well as 12 buffalo heifers, weighing 390-420 kg and 2.5-3 years old) were used in this study. In each of heifer and cow groups (n=12), animals were randomly divided into two subgroups (treated and control, 6 in each). Animals in treatment group (6 heifers and 6 cows) were injected twice at 7 day-interval with 4 ml/100 kg of TPH, while those in control group (6 heifers and 6 cows) were administrated with 4 ml distilled water/100 kg at the same time of TPH treatment. Estrous activity was detected twice daily to detect estrous signs. Blood samples were collected from all animals of each group on days 0, 3, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30, 34 and 38 of treatment. Results revealed that the estrus rate in treated animals was higher (P<0.05) in cows (83.33%) than in heifers (66.67%), while the control animals showed no estrous signs. Intensity, duration and interval from treatment to estrus were nearly similar in both heifers and cows. Concentration of serum P4 was higher (P<0.05) in cows than in heifers only on days 3 and 6 of treatment, while it was higher (P≥0.05) in cows than in heifers on other sampling days. Concentration of P4 was higher (P<0.05) in treated groups than in control on all sampling days, except during the 1 st and six days of treatment. Concentration of P4 was less than 1 ng/ml in control groups on all sampling treatment days, while P4 concentration level was ≥1 ng/ml after 10 days of treatment in treated groups. Concentration of Ca on most sampling days of treatment and P concentration on all sampling days were significantly (P<0.05-P<0.001) higher in heifers than in cows, while Ca:P ratio showed an opposite trend on all sampling days. In conclusion, Based on the foregoing results, twice tonophodphan injection of true anestrous buffalo heifers and cows at a week interval at a level of 4 ml/100 kg LBW has impact on resumption of estrous activity and achieving conception, being more effective for buffalo cows than for buffalo heifers.

Twenty eight female Zaraibi goats in 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th season of lactation with average body weight of 33.0 kg were divided randomly into 4 groups (7 does in each) to study the effect of substitution of berseem forage by triticale forage in diets of lactating Zaraibi goats on their performances for milk yield and composition. In addition, twelve Rahmani rams average body weight of 50 kg were used to evaluate the feeding value of tested diets. Half the crude protein (CP) requirements of lactating goats were covered from concentrate feed mixture (CFM) while other 50% of CP was covered from triticale forage in the first group (G1), mixture forage (50% triticale-50% berseem) in the second group (G2), mixture forage (70% triticale-30% berseem) in the third group (G3), and berseem forage in (G4). The obtained results showed that the dry matter (DM) percent of triticale was higher than berseem (16.50 vs. 13.98). Moreover, the ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) were higher while CP and ash were lower in triticale forage than berseem. But, crude fiber (CF) was nearly similar in both forages. The daily dray mater intake (DMI) as g/ kg w 0.75 and body weight (BW) tended to increase with mixture forage G2 (99.10 and 4.07, respectively) compared with G3(98.75 and 4.06, respectively) and G4 (95.27 and 3.91, respectively) and G1 (91.79 and 3.77, respectively). Ammonia-N (NH3-N) level and pH values tended to decrease in the rumen of Rahmani sheep fed triticale forage (G1) compared with other forages (G2, G3, and G4). Rumen volatile fatty acids (TVFA's) concentrations as well as microbial protein (MP) were higher with 50% triticale -50% berseem than with other rations. The digestion coefficients of OM, CF and NFE were significantly improved with G2 and G3 compared with G1 and G4. The CP, DM and OM digestibility recorded the lowest values (P<0.05) with triticale forage. The total digestible nutrients (TDN) showed the higher estimates (P<0.05) with the mixture rations (G2 and G3), while digestible crude protein (DCP) was significantly higher with increasing berseem in the rations. Whereas, serum protein, albumin, globulin, urea-N and glucose did not significantly differed among the tested diets. Concerning milk production, the obtained data indicated that milk yield of Zaraibi goats was significantly (P<0.05) higher with mixture forage (1.350 kg/ h/ d) G2 and (1.310 kg/h/d) G3 compared with the other groups (1.230 and 1.260 for G1 and G4, respectively). The effect of experimental treatments on milk fat percentage was significant (P<0.05). While, other milk contain and milk quality parameters (such as pH value and acidity %) were not significant. Accordingly, it could be concluded that using mixture forage (triticale and berseem) in feeding Zaraibi goats has positive effect on feeding value, milk yield and milk composition as well as feed utilization efficiency. Triticale forage could be safety use in feeding Zaraibi goats as it is or mixed with berseem.

This work was carried out on dairy goats to investigate the effect of partially replacing CFM protein by Sesbania sesban seeds on milk production, feed conversion efficiency and some blood constituents as well as economic efficiency. Twenty five dairy goats wereIdivided into 5 groups (5 does each). The controlIgroup (G 1) was fed a rationIconsisting ofIconcentrate feedImixture and cornIsilage (50:50) accordingIto NRC (1981) recommendation. Sesbania sesban seeds (SS) wereIused toIreplace 10 and 20% of concentrate's protein for groups G 2 and G 3 , respectively. SesbaniaIseeds wereItreated (TSS) by soaking and roastingIand used at theIsame levels (10 and 20%) in G 4 and G 5 , respectively. The feedingItrails lasted for 14 weeks after weaning. The obtainedIresults showed thatIthe daily dryImatter intake tendedIto decrease as a result toIsubstitution of concentrate feedImixture with SesbaniaIseeds in rationsIof dairyIgoats. On the contrary, the daily water consumption as ml/g DM intakeIwas noticeablyIhigher (3.50, 3.64, 3.67 and 3.81) with SesbaniaIseeds rations (G 2 , G 3 , G 4 and G 5 , respectively) comparedIwith control (G 1 , 3.14). The effectIof the testedIrations onIruminal pH values was not significant. Ruminal NH 3 concentration post-feeding tended to decrease as a result to using of Sesbania seeds especially G 4 and G 5. But, ruminalItotal VFA's concentrations post-feeding were significantly with G 4 compared with G 1 and G3. Moreover, ruminal microbial protein content at 2 and 4 hrs. post-feeding was significantly affected as a result of using of Sesbania seeds in goats rations and the bestIvalue was recordedIwith G 4 .. The obtained results showed that there is significant effects on some blood parameters (hemoglobin, MCHC, lymphocyts, platelets count, globulin and enzymatic activites) due to using the tested rations. Concerning milk production, the obtained data indicated that the highest value of daily milk yield was recorded with G 4 (1.70 kg) followed by G 5 (1.67 kg) then G 2 (1.59 kg) and G 1 (1.56 kg) while theIlowest value (1.499 kg) was recorded with G 3 and the differencesIwere significant. The effectsIof experimental rationsIon milk constituents were not significant. The feed conversion efficiency, based on DM was better with G 5 (0.904) then G 4 (0.911) followedIby G 2 and G 3 (0.971 and 1.009, respectively) and lastly G 1 (1.015). Therefore, the economic efficiency was improved by 9.25, 10.17, 16.31 and 22.81% with Sesbania seeds rations (G 2 , G 3 , G 4 , and G 5 , respectively) compared with control (G 1). It isIconcluded that partialIreplasment of up to 20% of CFM protein by SesbaniaIseeds has someIpositive effectsIon metabolicIparameters, whichIreflected on the dairyIgoats performance andIeconomicIefficiency.