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The paper presents a theoretical analysis and computer simulations of the distribution and changes of the linguistic information in two model language communities: Proto-Indo-European and Proto-Chinese. Simulations show that out of two main hypotheses of the formation of the Proto-Indo-European languages, the Anatolian hypotheses and the Kurgan hypotheses, the latter is better consistent with the time estimates obtained in this study. The results obtained for Proto-Indo-European communities may also be used in the analysis of Asian language communities. In particular, the similarity of Chinese and Proto-Indo-European languages in terms of the relationship between the verb and the noun opens the possibility of applying our method to the analysis of the Proto-Sino-Tibetan language family. A possibility of creating a single national language Pŭtōnghuà (普通话) in the modern China was investigated. The results of the present study also suggest that the developed models look like a quite promising new instrument for studying linguistic information transfer in complex social and linguistic systems.

It was given brief information about the Chinese language and Chinese language communities (from antiquity to the present day) and it was shown the history of the formation of the Chinese language. The oldest monuments of the Chinese language are the inscriptions on the bones and tortoise shells (Jiaguwen), which were used for fortune telling, as well as inscriptions on bronze vessels (Jinwen). In this paper, for the study of hieroglyphic inscriptions on the most ancient artifacts, it is proposed to use a method based on photometry of the investigated surface of the samples and subsequent digital processing of the obtained data on a computer in order to determine the characteristics and parameters of the test sample. To test the method, we used onyx, jasper, and jade specimens, the surface of which is similar to the surface of ancient specimens. Some features of this method for the study of ancient artifacts are noted. The possibility of obtaining reliable results in the study of the most ancient hieroglyphic signs is shown.

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