The progress of nanotechnology presents many nanoparticles that are important in medicine, agriculture and industry. Quickly and entirely absorbed by plants, nano-compounds and remedy their nutrient deficiency and satisfy this need. Iron oxide nanoparticles with suitable surface chemistry can be used as a rich source of iron for plants due to its gradual release of Fe in a wide pH range (pH 3 to 11). The present study investigated the impact of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 2 O 3 NPs in 0, 10, 20 and 30 µM concentrations) on physiological parameters of peppermint (Mentha piperita) under salt stress (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM concentrations of NaCl). Fe 2 O 3 NPs caused increases in leaf fresh weight and dry weight, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, and calcium contents of the peppermint under salinity stress but did not have an effect on the sodium element. 30 µM concentration of Fe 2 O 3 NP was more impressive. Lipid peroxidation and proline contents of the peppermint under salinity decreased significantly by applying Fe 2 O 3 NPs. The maximum activities of total antioxidant enzymes (I %), catalase, superoxide dismutase, and guailcol peroxidase were observed in plants treated with 150 mM of NaCl, but application of Fe 2 O 3 NPs declined these antioxidant activities. The results suggest that the appropriate concentration of iron nanoparticles could be used for stress resistance of the peppermint.

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Abstract. Askary M, Talebi SM, Amini F, Bangan ADB. 2016. Effects of stress on foliar trichomes plasticity in Mentha piperita. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 32-38. Mentha piperita is considered as the most economically important aromatic as well as medicinal herb of Labiatae family. This medicinal herb has traditionally been used to treat a variety of digestive complaints. In the present study, effects of twenty treatments of salt and nanoparticles of Iron oxide were examined on the leaf trichomes morphology of M. piperita samples. In total twenty solutions, combinations of four salt concentrations with five iron oxide nanoparticles concentrations were used for the treatments. Different kinds of glandular and non-glandular trichomes were found in the studied plant samples. Glandular trichomes were seen in the shapes of peltate, short-talked capitate and non-stalked and non-glandular ones were unbranched and had one to seven cells. The obtained results showed that the kind and abundant of trichomes differed between the studied treatments. Statistical analyses showed significant positive correlations between salt concentrations with trichomes density. While, negative significant correlations were occurred between concentrations of nonoparticle of iron oxide with some kinds of trichomes.

Mentha piperita is a medicinal plant of the Labiatae family. this species produces valuable essential oil. In this study, the effect of eleven treatments of salinity and nanoparticles of iron oxide on the essential oil composition in M. piperita was investigated. Mature plants were collected at 90 days after planting. Essential oils were extracted from plant aerial parts using Clevenger-type apparatus, and the obtained oils were analyzed using gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The obtained results showed that the essential oil concentration differed between treatments. Application of iron nanoparticle increased essential oil amount, while salinity stress lovered its production. Menthone, menthol, 1,8-cineol, pulegone, menthofuran, cis-sabinene hydrate and germacrene D were the major essential oil compounds of control plants. The types and relative proportion of major components differed between studied treatments. Salt as well as iron nanoparticle stress had strong effects on essential oil production and composition.