Breast disfigurement and sexuality were found to be least important, but psychological and social support appears to significantly influence the treatment outcome and rehabilitation of breast cancer patients in India.

Although India is in the grip of HIV/AIDS epidemic, not much information is available on clinico-epidemiological and socio-behavioral aspects of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This study analyzed these features using standard methodologies in 82 HIV sero-positives, AIDS patients attending ART clinic of three major government hospitals of Delhi. Majority of the patients (73%) were found to be young (<40 years) and married (79%). As high as 91.5% came from low socio-economic class and more than 95% acquired HIV transmission through heterosexual routes. A large proportion (63%) of these patients reported an extremely high level of anxiety, moderate level of stress and a borderline level of clinical depression. While most of the patients (72%) were well-adjusted with the ART, the rest of the patients reported difference in making adjustment with the treatment schedules. The study suggests that counseling and supportive therapy could play a pivotal role in controlling anxiety, stress, depression and rehabilitating people with HIV/AIDS.

Although India is in the grip of HIV/AIDS epidemic, not much information is available on socio-demographic and clinical aspects of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The present study has been designed with the following objective. Objectives: To assess the socio-demographic and clinical profile of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) in India. Material and methods:The study was carried among 251 HIV/AIDS positive persons attending the out-patients department at the antiretroviral treatment (ART) clinic of the HIV testing centers at three major govt. hospital of Delhi, India. All the patients, male and female in the age range of 20-65 years and willing to participate were included in this study during the period 2007-2009. Written as well as informed consent was obtained for each patient at the time of recruitment. The HIV status was analyzed by ELISA with further confirmation by western blot; CD4/CD8 counts were measured by a flow-cytometer. Statistical analysis was carried out using chi-square test in order to see the association between age groups for various psychological measures and for treatment responses of the participants receiving ART. Results: Majority of the patients (77.7%) were found to be young (<40 years) and married (86.9 %). As high as 61.8% came from low socio-economic class and more than 93.6% acquired HIV transmission through heterosexual routes. A large proportion of these patients reported an extremely high level of anxiety, moderate level of stress and a borderline level of clinical depression. While some of the patients (28.3%) were well-adjusted with the ART, the rest of the patients reported difference in making adjustment with the treatment schedules. Conclusion: The study suggests that counseling and supportive therapy could play a pivotal role in controlling anxiety, stress, depression and rehabilitating people with HIV/AIDS. Thus, proper preventive intervention among general population and establishment of proper laboratory support is recommended.

After literature survey, the ethno-botanical information reveals that plant species are widely used throughout the world for different purposes like for instance medicine, edible fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, fencing, fuel wood, timber wood, fodder, agricultural tools and structural materials etc. Whereby all the growth forms like herbs, shrubs, trees, climbers, epiphytes and trailers plays their role. Nonetheless, the most important concern is that most plant species due to their dire need, improper collection, overgrazing, deforestation, pollution and other anthropogenic influences are proceeding towards the door steps of IUCN categories. For example, some of the very important and precious medicinal plants like Valeriana jatamansi, Acorus calamus, Podophyllum hexandrum and Poeonia emodi are threatened due to their unwise collection by the residents for medicinal purposes. So, it could be concluded and recommended that during field visits conservation status of such important plant species must be kept in mind to conserve their generation and biodiversity for future. reported one hundred and twenty five medicinal plant species lore of the tribes of eastern Rajasthan belonged to one hundred and four genera and fifty four families. They gathered this information from the natives included Hakims, Vaids, herbalists and forest officials. Some medicinal folk recipes regarding these plants were also documented.A field survey was conducted by Khan [5]. The report included that ninety five plant species used by herbalists and hakims. Medicinal plants consumption was about 56.5 lac kg per annum valued up to Rs. 3,60,000 PKR. Bye [6] set a field survey to investigate the Mexican and Tarahumara medicinal plants sold in local market. Pie and Mnandhar [7] reported that at least 70% medicinal plants and animals which consist of wild species in Himalayan Ranges and the population (70-80%) for their health care depends on traditional medicines.Farooq [8] carried out the medicinal plants survey of Pakistan in which fifty two medicinal plant species belonging to twenty five families of angiosperms. Traditional medicines of Pakistan and India were discussed. From 1989 to 1991, field work was carried out in Calhaus (Jaguanum Island) and people were interviewed for plants and their local uses. Baluchistan Province was surveyed by Goodman and Ghafoor [9]. They collected one hundred and fourteen plant species with traditional usage.A field survey in Mansehra was conducted in which fifty three wild and seventeen cultivated medicinal plants were collected by Haq [10] and these plants were enlisted with botanical names, local or vernacular names, family, parts used, habit, habitat, distribution, constituents, medicinal and traditional uses. Winter and Botha [11] reviewed on the role of national botanical garden in propagating and selling indigenous plant species. They also discussed the relevancy to plant conservation. Saleem et al. [12] have done a laboratory work on the biological activity of 59 indigenous plant species whi...

with the PHQ-9, and classified as mild or moderate to severe. Ordinal logistic regression was used to assess statistical associations between depression and sex, age, illiteracy, family income and centre. Results 1020 participants were included, 446 in São Paulo and 574 in Manaus, of whom 248 (24.3%; 95% CI 21.7 to 27.1) were classified as mild depression and 93 (9.1%; 95% CI 7.4 to 11.1) as moderate to severe depression. The prevalence of mild and moderate to severe depression was very similar in the two centres. Women were almost twice as likely as men to present with depression of any severity. We did not find any association between depression and age, illiteracy or family income. Conclusion Depression is highly prevalent among primary care clients, especially women. Mental healthcare must be integrated into primary care in order to reduce the treatment gap for depression.