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The intensification of construction production currently requires the training of highly qualified engineering personnel. The adaptation of 1st year students into the educational process is an important task that allows increasing interest in educational and scientific activities, carrying out work on professional orientation, which leads to better preparedness of students. Subject of research: improving the methodological foundations of teaching physics courses to students of the construction specialties at INRTU. The purpose of the study: to identify ways to improve the efficiency and quality of vocational education. The article solves the tasks aimed at improving the adaptation process of first-year students of construction specialties. The analysis of students' interest in obtaining professional education is carried out. The possibility of increasing the interest of students by organizing a Physics course adapted to the specialty of the student is shown. A model of the organization of the adaptation process of first-year students is presented. The essential components of the model are the developed course of lectures on the fundamental discipline of Physics and laboratory work with a professional orientation, the participation of students in scientific activities in the development of projects, holding scientific conferences. An important role is given to the need to create and use educational and methodological literature. This work has a high practical significance for the development of work programs of technical disciplines.