Objective: сlinical relevance and prevalence of ENT diseases in children with Down syndrome (DS) of Ukrainian, according to a survey of their parents. Analyze educational work among primary care physicians. Materials and methods. During 2019, 137 respondents, who were parents of children with Down syndrome, were surveyed. Аge varied from 3 months to 18 years. Results. Scheduled medical examinations in ENT doctors have the ability to conduct 81% of families with children with DS. 72.3% of the interviewed had their hearing assessed, of whom 19% had their hearing checked annually. 27.7% of children with DS do not have a hearing test. A significant proportion (81%) of parents of children with DS did not offer to assess the child's hearing. Acute otitis media is more commonly recorded at the age of 1 to 5 years. Surgical treatment for otitis media was performed in 7.2% of patients (tympano puncture/tympanocentesisin 5.1%; performed more than 2 times in 0.7%; middle ear bypass grafting in 1.5%). Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis was noted in 40.9% of children with DS, of which 82.1% had more than 3 episodes of acute rhinosinusitis during their lifetime. Allergies were reported in 34.3%. Obstructive sleep apnea is noted by 26.3%. 70.8% of parents observe their baby's shortness of breath, snoring. As for surgery: adenotomy was performed in 20.5%, of which 1.5% of children performed more than 1 time. Adenotomy is planned in 30% of the respondents. Tonsillectomy was performed in 1.5%, with 0.7% planned for the near future. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of participating institution. The informed consent of the parents and patients was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Keywords: Down syndrome, ENT pathology, ENT organs, children, adolescents.

Introduction. Increased susceptibility to infections in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with impaired body protective functions as a result of suppressed immunity, increased cellular adhesion of microorganisms, susceptibility to catabolic processes. Purpose - to determine the morphofunctional features of tissues and blood in rats against the background of experimental diabetes mellitus (EDM); to investigate the effect of the extract of seven medicinal plants BNO 1030 in them. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted on 20 male Wistar rats in order to determine their level of nicotineamideadeninedinucleotide (NAD), reactive oxygen species in white blood cells and superoxide dismutase. All animals were separated: the Group 1 was the control group of healthy rats, the Group 2 - the control group receiving BNO 1030 extract, the Group 3 included animals with the EDM without treatment, the Group 4 - rats with the EDM, which received the BNO 1030 extract. Results. After 6 weeks of development of the EDM, the NAD blood level in diabetic rats was reduced and reached (0.270±0.017) µmol/L, which is lower than that in the control group ((0.357±0.021) µmol/L). The group of diabetic rats treated with BNO 1030 extract showed its increase to (0.341±0.012) μmol/L compared to the group of diabetic animals, which did not receive the drug. While assessing the viability of white blood cells, it has been established that the death of most of these cells occurs by apoptosis against the background of the EDM. When BNO 1030 was used in the group of diabetic rats, the level of apoptotic cells decreased and amounted to 13.7% compared to the group, which was not administered with the drug (20.8%). In addition, the level of apoptosis in control rats, which also received BNO 1030, decreased by 3% versus the control group. Conclusions. The reduction of NAD content in tissues and blood in experimental animals with the EDM was determined, and its increase by 24% following the administration of BNO 1030 was established, which proves positive effect of the drug on the course of energy processes and glycolysis - the main route of carbohydrate metabolism. When carrying out experiments with laboratory animals, all bioethical norms and recommendations were observed. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.