In previous years, nanolubricants have gained attention in terms of their use as heat transfer fluids in applications such as engine cooling and air conditioning. Carbon-based nanolubricants have attracted great interest due to their superior heat transfer performance. To date, the stability of a carbon-based nanolubricant is crucial if the enhanced properties are to be retained after the fabrication process. In this context, the current research aims to review the stability and thermophysical properties of carbon-based nanolubricants. Recent works on these nanolubricants are summarized herein, including the method of preparation and improvements in their properties. The factors that affect the thermal conductivity and viscosity are also discussed, and finally, the applications of nanolubricants are described. The recent studies of nanolubricants are summarized and opportunities for further improvements in their efficiency are suggested.

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Stability of nanolubricants is a basic requirement for heat transfer application since it is directly related to the properties of nanolubricants. However, the particle suspension is the major issue of creating a new nanolubricant. The objective of the present study is to compare the effect of different dispersion methods on the stability of graphene in polyester oil-based lubricant. Nanolubricant are prepared by different two-step method, including magnetic stirrer, overhead stirrer, and sonication. The stability of nanolubricant was measured by sedimentation observation, metallographic microscopy, and zeta potential. The results show that the overhead stirrer method was the most effective at providing a more stable suspension.