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The grid generation issues found in the 3D simulation of two-phase flow in a pipe using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are discussed in this paper. Special attention is given to the effect of the element type and structure of the mesh. The simulations were carried out using the commercial software package STAR-CCM+, which is designed for numerical simulation of continuum mechanics problems. The model consisted of a cylindrical vertical pipe. Different mesh structures were employed in the computational domain. The condition of two-phase flow was simulated with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model, taking into consideration turbulence effects using the k-e model. The results showed that there is a strong dependency of the flow behaviour on the mesh employed. The best result was obtained with the grid known as butterfly grid, while the cylindrical mesh produced misleading results. The simulation was validated against experimental results.

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Connate water salinity is a vital property of the reservoir and its influence on the displacement efficiency cannot be overemphasised. Despite the numerous analytical literatures on the dispersion behaviour of CO 2 in CH 4 at different parametric conditions, studies have so far been limited to systematic effects of the process while parameters such as connate water salinity of the reservoir has not been given much attention and this could redefine the CO 2 -CH 4 interactions in the reservoir. This study aims to experimentally determine the effect of connate water salinity on the dispersion coefficient in consolidated porous media under reservoir conditions. A laboratory core flooding experiment depicting the detailed process of the CO 2 -CH 4 displacement using Grey Berea sandstone core sample at a temperature of 50 o C and at a pressure of 1300 psig was carried out to determine the optimum injection rate, from 0.2-0.5 ml/min, for the experimentation based on dispersion coefficients and methane recovery in the horizontal orientation. This was established to be 0.3 ml/min. At the same conditions, the effects of connate water saturation of 10% and a salinity of 0 (distilled water), 5, and 10% wt. with a CO 2 injection rate of 0.3 ml/min on the dispersion coefficients was investigated. The results from the core flooding process indicated that the dispersion coefficient decreases with increasing salinity, hence the higher the density of the immobile phase (connate water) the lower the dispersion of CO 2 into CH 4 . This is a significant finding given that the inclusion of the connate water and its salinity have an effect on the mixing of the gases in the core sample and should be given importance and included during simulation studies for field scale applications of Enhanced Gas Recovery (EGR). This is the first experimental investigation into the relationship between the connate water salinity and the dispersion coefficient in consolidated porous media.