Aswan Governorate is considered the largest governorate of Egypt producing dried dates, and the most famous varieties are Sakkoti, Bartamuda, Gondaila, Malkabi, and Shamia. Immediately after harvest, dates contain a high percentage of moisture, which must be properly disposed of in order to maintain chemical composition and natural properties, and also for long-term storage. There are many drying systems that can be used to dry dates and reduce the moisture content to the safe storage limit. In Aswan, we practice sun drying in the open air for a period of 1 to 2 months, the date fruit is dehydrated, but the quality is very poor compared to industrial drying. This research aims to study the different drying systems that can be used to dry dates and maintain their physical and chemical properties.

Farmers use different types of sprayers for the management of the pest. Successful pest management depends not only on the quality of the pesticide and insecticides but also on the use of the right plant protection appliances. Hence, proper selection based on ergonomic, economic, efficacy, and ecological and use of equipment for pesticide application has a direct effect on crop productivity. Normally, the spray efficiency, which usually is estimated by cost-income of the agricultural industry, increases from handoperated sprayers with low application rate, small coverage area in a certain time interval, and low travel speed to large-scale sprayers which could apply pesticide with much higher application rate, bigger coverage area in a certain time interval and higher travel speed. This research aims to identify and inventory the different types of pesticide application systems used around the world.