The relationship between nutritional status and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) gene expression in chickens was studied. Chickens (6 wk old) were food deprived for 2 d and then refed. IGFBP-2 mRNA in the brain was significantly decreased by food deprivation and levels did not increase when birds were refed for 24 h. Gizzard and hepatic IGFBP-2 mRNA levels were significantly increased by food deprivation and decreased by refeeding. Any nutrients tested decreased hepatic IGFBP-2 gene expression. In kidney, IGFBP-2 mRNA was detected but not influenced by food deprivation and refeeding. In another study, the influence of dietary protein source [isolated soybean protein vs. casein; crude protein (CP) 20%] and the supplementation of essential amino acids on IGFBP-2 gene expression of young chickens (5 wk old) was examined. The influence of feeding a low soybean protein diet (CP 5%) on tissue IGFBP-2 gene expression was also investigated. Hepatic IGFBP-2 mRNA was not detected in any group. Feeding the low protein diet for 7 d decreased brain IGFBP-2 mRNA level and increased gizzard IGFBP-2 level compared with chickens fed 20% protein diets. A significant interaction between protein source and amino acid supplementation was observed in gizzard IGFBP-2 mRNA level. In both casein-fed groups and in chickens fed 20% soybean protein diet without supplemental amino acids, the levels did not differ from one another or from the low protein diet-fed birds. The level was lower in chickens fed the amino acid-supplemented, 20% soybean protein diet. In conclusion, the response of IGFBP-2 gene expression to variations in nutritional status was rapid and different in several tissues of young chickens, which would help modulate the growth-promoting effect of circulating IGF-I by making the IGF-IGFBP complex.

We investigated the influence of refeeding food-deprived chicks with either protein, carbohydrate, fat or combinations thereof on the rates of liver and muscle protein synthesis. After 2 d of food-deprivation, chicks were given individual or mixed protein, carbohydrate and fat. At 30 min after refeeding, the protein fractional synthesis rate (K(s)) was measured by a large dose injection of L-[2,6-(3)H]phenylalanine. When chicks were food-deprived for 2 d, liver K(s) was 67% lower and muscle fractional synthesis rate was half that of well-fed controls. Upon refeeding starved chicks a complete diet, K(s) in the liver and muscle returned to the level of fed controls within 30 min. When food-deprived chicks were refed protein alone or two of the three macronutrients, liver and muscle K(s) were significantly higher than those in the starved group. There was no effect of refeeding with carbohydrate or fat alone. Plasma glucose concentration was significantly greater than in fed or starved groups in chicks refed the complete diet, carbohydrate or carbohydrate mixed with either protein or fat. Refeeding chicks with the various macronutrients did not affect the plasma insulin or insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations. These results suggest that intakes of individual macronutrients additively increase liver and muscle protein synthesis and that the acute increase in muscle protein synthesis after refeeding chicks diets containing the three macronutrients was mainly regulated by the change in ribosomal efficiency.

The purpose of present study was to evaluate the performance of broilers fed the commercial diet partially substituted with leubim fish (Canthidermis maculata) waste meal (LFWM) treated by fermentation and without fermentation. As many as 100 broiler chicks, MB 202 strain, unsex, were reared up to 5 weeks in this study. The research was set up into randomized block design (RBD) consisting of 5 treatments and 4 blocks with 5 birds each. Blocks were as replicate based on the body weights of the birds at the beginning of feeding experimental diets. The experimental diets were commercial diets partially replaced with LFWM administered by either fermentation or not with the level of 6 and 12% each, 6.5% and 13% yellow corn, and 0.5% topmix. The data was analyzed using an Analysis of Variance (AOV) and continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) only if significant effects were detected among the treatments. The result of recent study indicated that the inclusion of feeds containing LFWM treated by either or not fermented combined with yellow corn and topmix as partially substitution of commercial diets significantly increased (P<0.05) FBW, BWG, feed intake, and protein intake compared to those fed full commercial diet. However, FCR and PER were not significantly affected. DMRT indicated there were no significant diferences in broiler performances fed the feeds containing LFWM treated by fermentation vs without fermentation.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh pemberian kombinasi pakan fermentasi dengan multi enzim pencernaan dan vitamin E dalam ransum komersial terhadap peningkatan kualitas semen ayam arab. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 4 kelompok perlakuan dengan 5 kali ulangan. 1) kontrol (P 0 ) ayam diberikan ransum komersial 100 %, 2) perlakuan 1 (P 1 ) ayam diberi 89,83% ransum komersial + 10% pakan fermentasi + 0,15% multi enzim + 0,02% vitamin E, (3) perlakuan 2 (P 2 ) ayam diberi 79,83% ransum komersial + 20% pakan fermentasi + 0,15% multi enzim + 0,02% vitamin E, dan (4) perlakuan 3 (P 3 ) ayam diberi 69,83% ransum komersial + 30% pakan fermentasi + 0,15% multi enzim + 0,02% vitamin E. Koleksi semen dilakukan pada hari ke 36 dengan metode masase. Data kualitas semen yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) satu arah yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian kombinasi pakan fermentasi dengan multi enzim dan vitamin E dalam ransum komersial berpengaruh secara nyata (P<0,05) terhadap peningkatan volume, pH semen, konsentrasi spermatozoa, motilitas, spermatozoa hidup, dan penurunan abnormalitas ayam arab, namun tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) terhadap warna, konsistensi dan gerakan massa spermatozoa. Dapat disimpulkan pemberian kombinasi pakan fermentasi dengan multi enzim dan vitamin E dalam ransum komersial dapat meningkatkan kualitas semen ayam arab.Kata kunci: Ayam arab, kualitas semen, pakan fermentasi ABSTRACT The study aimed to determine the effect of fermented feed combination with the multi enzymes digestion and vitamin E addition on the quality of semen arab's chicken. This research used a randomized block design (RAK) consisting four treatments with five replications : P0: 100% Commercial feed (524), P1: 89.83% commercial feed + 10% fermented feed + 0.02% viamint E + 0.15% multi enzyme, P2: 79.83% commercial feed + 20% fermented feed + 0.02% vitamin E + 0.15% multi enzyme, P3: 69.83% commercial feed + 30% fermented feed + 0.02% vitamin E + 0.05% multi enzyme. Semen sample was collected at 36 th day using a massage method. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued by Duncan test. The results showed that addition of combination of fermented feed with digestive multi enzymes and vitamin E has significantly effect (P<0,05) on increases of the volume, pH, spermatozoa concentration, percentage of spermatozoa motility, spermatozoa life, and decreased the percentage of spermatozoa abnormalities. This research can be concluded that the addition of fermented feed combination with digestive multi enzymes and vitamin E able to improve the quality of arab chicken semen.. prospek pasar yang cukup baik untuk dikembangkan. Produksi telur ayam arab relatif tinggi hampir menyerupai produktivitas ayam ras petelur yaitu berkisar antara 190-250 butir per tahun (Natalia et al., 2005). Selain itu, Keywords

1. We examined the changes in plasma IGF-I concentration and tissue IGFBP-2 gene expression of young fasted chickens refed a commercial diet or administered bovine insulin intravenously. 2. Plasma IGF-I concentration was decreased by fasting for 2 d. Although plasma IGF-I concentration was increased by refeeding, it didn't recover to the level of chickens fed a commercial diet ad libitum. 3. Insulin administration lowered plasma IGF-I concentration compared to other groups. 4. Hepatic IGFBP-2 mRNA was increased by fasting for 2 d and decreased by refeeding for 6 h. Insulin administration also decreased hepatic IGFBP-2 gene expression stimulated by fasting to the level of refed chickens. 5. IGFBP-2 mRNA in the gizzard was increased by fasting for 2 d and tended to decrease after refeeding for 6 h. Insulin administration decreased gizzard IGFBP-2 gene expression to less than that in refed chickens. 6. There was no between-treatment difference in IGFBP-2 mRNA in the brain and kidney. 7. These results suggest that the changes in IGFBP-2 gene expression in the liver and gizzard by fasting and refeeding might be partly regulated by the alteration in plasma insulin concentration.