This study was aimed to investigate the suitability of reusing of treated wastewater to irrigate wheat crop and its impact on soil properties. The study was conducted during the Agricultural season 2014-2015, at Sirte, Libya. The climate of this area characterized by dry and hot in summer, cool and rained in winter, as well as the annual rainfall in the range of 175 mm to 200 mm, so the area is considered as semi-arid area. The experiment was designed to use treated wastewater under different managements ((W1) 100% fresh water (from artificial stream), (W2) Mixed by 50% fresh water and treated wastewater, (W3) mixed by 33% fresh water and 67% treated wastewater and (W4) 100% treated wastewater). Two soil profiles were selected and described, namely Sandy (S1) and Sandy loam (S2) soils. Wheat crop was used as indicator. The chemical, physical and microbiological analyses were done for water and soil samples using standard methods. The analyses include soil texture, bulk density, moisture content, electrical conductivity, pH, anions, cations, and E coli form. Also, the wheat crop growth components were studied. The quality of used water was found within the permissible levels of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nation (FAO) for irrigation water, while lead was found exceeding the sever permissible level. From the other hand treated wastewater showed significant difference at P≤0.05 in increasing the average values of wheat crop growth components, in compare with fresh water, which recorded the lowest values. The chemical properties of soils extractions showed non -significant difference at P≤0.05 under the different irrigation managements, while the chloride and lead showed significant increase in sand loamy soil and carbonate in sandy soil. On the other hand, the both soils showed the same performance in increasing wheat growth components. The treated wastewater (W4) supplied significant numbers of E coli form 100/ml to the both soils followed by (W3), while fresh water recorded less values. The study concluded that using of treated wastewater in irrigation of agricultural crops under monitoring system has economic feasibility .

Organic manure is one of the sources of nitrogen in the soil. Nitrogen mineralization depends on application method, source of organic manure, microbial activity, aeration and moisture. The objective of this study was to investigate the rate of nitrogen mineralization as affected by different sources of organic manures (compost, chicken manures, and town refuse) which mixed with clay and sandy soils at the rate of 10 and 20 t fed-1 at different incubation periods. The experiment was carried out in laboratory of Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University. Soil samples were taken from El-Mansoura (clay soil) and El-Sharkia (sandy soil). Nitrogen mineralization was studied in both soils mixed with different organic manure types at different incubation periods. The analysis of ammonium and nitrate were conducted at (0, 7, 14, 30, 60 and 90 days after incubation at 38˚C). The results showed that NH4 +-N content at the different organic manures application to both soils used increased compared with the control (without organic manure addition) at different incubation periods. The maximum concentration of NH4 +-N obtained at 60 day of incubation with compost then chicken manure in sandy soil and contrast with clay soil. While the maximum concentration of NO3-N reaches at 90 days after incubation in both soils It was clearly with compost then chicken manure in clay soil and contrast with sandy soil. It can be concluded that, nitrogen mineralization is the process by which organic N is converted to inorganic forms which mostly ammonium (NH4 +) and nitrate (NO3-). When manures are regularly added to soils, the mineralization gradually increases over time until it eventually reached a plateau know as the steady-state condition.

A pot trial was conducted in the nursery of the Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University during the 2016/2017 season to study the effect of biochar and chicken manure on sandy soil properties and traits of coriander plant and the possibility of utilizing the seawater diluted (10%) in irrigation. Randomized complete plot design (RCBD) with three replicates was used in this study. The treatments were as follows: Without (Control), Chicken manure, (20 ton fed-1 , i.e. 400 g pot-1) and biochar, (5 ton fed-1 , i.e. 100 gpot-1). Results showed that the organic amendments [chicken manure and biochar] had highly significant effects on all the studied chemical and physical properties of sandy soil such as, total N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, pH, EC and bulk density. Adding biochar and chicken manure gave the best values of all the studied chemical and physical properties of sandy soil compared with control. Also, it was noticed surpassed that biochar treatment over chicken manure in some chemical traits of the soil, such as, total N, P, Na and Cl in the soil. On the other side, the chicken manure surpassed over biochar in some chemical traits of the soil, such as, K, Fe, Mn, Ca and Mg. Results indicated that the organic amendments [chicken manure and biochar] had highly significant effects on all the studied chemical, growth and yield traits of coriander plant, i.e. total N, P and K (%); total Fe, Zn and Mn contents (mgkg-1); plant fresh weight (g), plant dry weight (g), plant height (cm), leaves number per plant and chlorophyll content. Adding chicken manure and biochar gave the best values of all the studied chemical, growth and yield traits of coriander plant compared with control. In addition, it was noticed surpassed the chicken manure over biochar in improving all the studied chemical, growth and yield traits of coriander plant. Therefore, it could be recommended that adding the organic amendments (chicken manure or biochar) to improve the chemical and physical properties of sandy soil and chemical and growth traits of coriander plant irrigated with saline water (diluted seawater, 10%) in sandy soil.