No abstract

No abstract

The role of glanders therapy as an alternative to test and slaughter policy was investigated in 13 draught equines (1 horse, 2 mares and 10 mules). The disease was diagnosed clinically and confirmed by isolation of Burkholderia mallei on blood agar and sterile potato slices. Mallein test was positive in 6 (46.15 %) of the 13 animals. All isolates from the 13 equines were sensitive to chloramphenicol, danofloxacin, norfloxacin and co-trimoxazole whereas penicillin and cephalexin were the least effective in vitro antibiotics. These animals were treated for 4 days with Ringer's-lactate-dextrose 500 ml + dimetyl-sulfoxide 60-80 ml intravenously and Inj. Norfloxacin 5% 35-50 ml intramuscularly (1st round of treatment). Five animals were treated again similarly (2nd round) after two weeks of the first round. All treated animals showed a dramatic improvement in the severity of the disease condition which lasted for 2-3 weeks after which the signs rebounded. Even the second round of treatment was met with the same fate. The treatment was not associated with any side-effect except in two cases which suffered injection site swelling. The possibility of a cure in clinical glanders using a longer course of treatment is proposed.

No abstract

The aim of the current study was to apply a mixed culture of Candida utilis and Brevibacterium lactofermentum instead of using a mono-culture of B. lactofermentum or yeast to produce higher amount of amino acids, crude protein and true protein by using the maximum amount of substrate mixture, which B. lactofermentum alone cannot utilize. This mixed culture offered a combination that yielded high crude protein content and converted the substrate mixture efficiently into microbial biomass protein. Best results were obtained with sequential fermentation carried out with B. lactofermentum added after 3 days to C. utilis culture grown on beet pulp hydrolysate supplemented with molasses and glucose. Mixed culture of C. utilis and B. lactofermentum maintained the properties of each individual fermentation, with high production of microbial biomass protein in optimized medium. Crude protein increased from 11.3% to 54.5% and dry cell mass to 48 g/L with mixed culture. The amino acid profile of the final microbial biomass protein obtained by mixed culture of C. utilis and B. lactofermentum in a 75-L fermentor remained unchanged, and was enriched with all essential and non-essential amino acids. Mixed culture in this study thus exhibits a synergistic effect with possible industrial application.