No abstract

t26 THE CANADI AI\* ENTO.NIOLOG IST. rlpper side turns dead ri'hite, except that here and there a faint bit of red or dusky blacl< is seen. When the skin splits it is on 3, the rent extending to z and 4, and it is shifted off just as in Grapta. At first the pupa is unformed, but the rving cases creep up one seglnent, the dorsum becomes hunched, and the head case and mesonotum srvell out as in Limenitis.Every one of these chrysalids finaily took a twist to one side, bending on the last segments instead of hanging stiaight dotvn, as is usual rvith the species of Nymphalidre known to me.

Outbreaks of the hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria (Gueneé), are characterized by rapid increase and patchy distribution over widespread areas, which make it difficult to detect impending outbreaks. This is a major problem with this insect. Population forecasting is based on tedious and expensive egg surveys in which eggs are extracted from 1-m branches; careful observation is needed to avoid counting old unhatched eggs of previous year populations. The efficacy of artificial substrates as oviposition traps to sample hemlock looper eggs was tested as a means of improving outbreak detection and population forecasting. A white polyurethane foam substrate (1,095 lb/ft3) used with the Luminoc insect trap, a portable light trap, was highly efficient in sampling eggs of the hemlock looper. Foam strips placed on tree trunks at breast height were less efficient but easier and less expensive to use for the establishment of extensive survey networks. Estimates based on oviposition traps were highly correlated with those obtained from the 1-m branch extraction method. The oviposition trap is a standard, inexpensive, easy, and robust method that can be used by nonspecialists. This technique makes it possible to sample higher numbers of plots in widespread monitoring networks, which is crucial for improving the management of hemlock looper populations.

No abstract

An experiment was conducted in the Lower St. Lawrence region of Quebec in 1978 to determine (1) the validity of aerial spray applications of aminocarb timed against emerging L2 larvae of the spruce budworm (Choristoneurafumiferana (Clem.)) as well as (2) the relationship of timing spray applications and success of treatment. Two successive applications timed at peak L4–L5 (regime C) gave better results than similar treatment at peak L2 and peak L4 (regime A). Reduction in larval population density, and the amount of foliage saved due to regime C were almost twice that obtained with regime A.