Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) enables one to determine and visualize non-invasively the spatial distribution of the electrical properties of the tissues inside the body, thus providing valuable diagnostic information. The electrical impedance mammography (EIM) system is a specialized EIT system for diagnostics and imaging of the breast. While breast cancer is the main target for any investigation conducted in this area, the diagnosis of non-cancerous diseases is also very important because it opens the way to improve the quality of life for many women and it may also reduce the incidence of breast cancer through effective treatment of mastopathy. This paper presents the main results of a comprehensive examination of 166 women using four methods: multifrequency electrical impedance mammography, ultrasonic investigation, x-ray mammography and puncture biopsy. The objective of the investigation is to estimate the usefulness of multifrequency electrical impedance mammography for diagnosing dyshormonal mammary gland diseases. The results demonstrate the advantages of the multifrequency EIM method. In particular, dual-frequency electrical impedance mammography in contrast with the single-frequency variant enables one not only to diagnose mastopathy, but also allows accurate detection of its cystless form based on observation of the absence of any difference between average conductivity in both phases of the menstrual cycle. Because the cystless form of mastopathy is associated with a higher risk of cancer development, this method allows identification of a higher risk group of patients for more frequent investigations.

No abstract

No abstract

Эндометриоз признан самым распространенным и тяжелым заболеванием женщин репродуктивного возраста, имеющим дорогостоящее лечение, отрицательно влияющим на общее состояние, работоспособность и качество жизни больных [1, 2]. Данные популяционных исследований Всемирного исследовательского фонда эндометриоза (WERF) показывают, что в настоящее время эндо-метриозом болеют около 176 млн женщин в мире в возрасте от 15 до 49 лет (до 10% женщин репродуктивного возраста) [3], а экономические затраты на его лечение, реабилитацию и компенсацию потери трудоспособности составляют более 76 млрд долл. в год, причем затраты, связанные с компенсацией потери трудоспособности, в 2 раза превышают затраты непосредственно на медицин

Aim. To outline the risk factors for preterm delivery in HIV-positive women.Methods. Clinical histories of 146 pregnancies with a confirmed diagnosis of HIV infection were analyzed. All patients were allocated to 2 groups. The first group included 60 patients who had a preterm delivery prior to 37th week of pregnancy. The second group included 86 patients who delivered at term. To identify the risk factors for preterm delivery, odds ratios were calculated.Results. Risk factors for preterm birth include: infection duration less than 1 year (OR=2.6, 95% CI=1.04-6.49); 4A stage of HIV infection (OR=2.67, 95% CI=1.08-6.60); antiretroviral treatment started on 28th week of pregnancy (OR=5.12, 95% CI=2.37-11.02); oligohydramnios according to the results of second scheduled ultrasonography at 21-22th week of pregnancy (OR=29.0, 95% CI=3.73-158.8) and data for intrauterine growth restriction according to the results of third scheduled ultrasonography at 21-22th week of pregnancy (OR=16.84, 95% CI=5.46-51.93). CD4 count (OR=0.42, 95% CI=0.16-1.02) and viral load (OR=0.43, 95% CI=0.17-1.03) are indicators of patient’s immune status, but do not allow predict the risk of preterm birth.Conclusion. Factors that might be considered as preterm delivery predictors are outlined. Introducing the package of measures aimed at early treatment of HIV-positive pregnant women with the risk factors would allow to reduce the number of preterm deliveries in such patients.