A novel aluminium oxy hydroxide [Al-O(OH)] modified graphene oxide was prepared by a chemical precipitation method wherein Al 3+ ions could interact effectively with the different functional groups of graphene oxide (GO). The prepared (GO-Al-O(OH) adsorbent was tested for the effective defluoridation of water. The Al 3+ modified graphene oxide adsorbent was characterized using FT-IR, FT-Raman, SEM-EDS, XRD and XPS studies. The thermodynamically feasible adsorption is supported by the pseudo second order kinetics and a high Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity (51.42 mg g À1 ) for the GO-Al-O(OH) adsorbent. Furthermore, we could treat 2.0 L of 5.0 mg L À1 fluoride ion solution to bring the level within the permissible limits and the regeneration of the adsorbent was done using ammonium hydroxide. Experimental details MaterialsGraphite with a mean particle size (<20 mm) was procured from Sigma Aldrich. Orthophosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 , 85%), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 , 30%), potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ), aluminum sulfate hydrate (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 $16H 2 O), sodium

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In the present work, we propose for the first time a novel ultrasound assisted methodology involving the impregnation of zirconium in a cellulose matrix. Fluoride from aqueous solution interacts with the cellulose hydroxyl groups and the cationic zirconium hydroxide. Ultrasonication ensures a green and quick alternative to the conventional time intensive method of preparation. The effectiveness of this process was confirmed by comprehensive characterization of zirconium impregnated cellulose (ZrIC) adsorbent using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The study of various adsorption isotherm models, kinetics and thermodynamics of the interaction validated the method.

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