Recently it was shown by us that combined stimulation of hippocampus and dorsomedial hypothalamus resulted in suppression of the electroencephalographic seizure reactions and, respectively, manifestations of behavioral seizures reduced. It is expected, that augmentation of inhibitory processes in hippocampal neurons in the course of dorsomedial hypothalamus stimulation can trigger mechanisms preventing the development of epileptiform activity. Because of two important characteristics of the hippocampus-theta rhythm and epileptogenesis-these appear to be interrelated in respect of their cellular substrates, and as far as theta rhythm may modulate hippocampal excitability, a study of the functional relationship between theta rhythm and seizure activity was endeavored. The purpose of this study is to test this proposal by determining the effects on seizures of induction or suppression of hippocampal theta activity. Our findings show that: 1) against background of strong unusual sound stimulation (in our case-sound) blockade of local seizure reactions induced by hippocampal stimulation occurred; 2) the frequency of hippocampal interictal epileptiform dischargers increased with the transition from the awake state to drowsiness and a slow-wave sleep phase. After the animal came from slow-wave sleep to paradoxical sleep, epileptiform activity completely disappeared; 3) at threshold stimulation of hypothalamus when electrohippocampogram shows augmentation of the theta rhythm there is a significant reduction of seizure durations. When at hypothalamus stimulation instead of theta rhythm the electrical activity is desynchronized, there occurs a considerable intensification of seizure activity. Therefore, seizure-theta antagonism in our experiments could be interpreted as an adjustment of the inhibitory mechanisms when the theta rhythm is evoked.