Aims The objective of the study was to determine the mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) compared to subjects without type 2 DM and their correlation with fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and duration of type 2 DM respectively. Materials and methods A prospective analytical case—control study was conducted involving 50 subjects with type 2 DM and 50 subjects without type 2 DM. The mean and standard deviation were estimated for both the groups separately and independent Student's “t”-test was used for evaluating the significant difference. The statistical evaluation was carried out at 95% confidence level. Results Mean MPV and PDW in case group was significantly higher compared to control group (p < 0.005). Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and duration of type 2 DM did not significantly alter MPV or PDW. Conclusion The study concludes that MPV and PDW are significantly increased in patients with type 2 DM compared to patients without type 2 DM. Platelet volume indices are an important, simple, and cost-effective tool that should be used and explored extensively, especially in countries, such as India, for predicting the possibility of impending acute vascular events in patients with type 2 DM. Clinical significance This analytical method helps us to use MPV and PDW as early markers of vascular thrombosis. How to cite this article Bhanukumar M, Ramaswamy PKH, Peddi NK, Menon VB. Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width as Markers of Vascular Thrombosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(3):127-131.

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Background: Thiazide diuretics are known to cause hyperuricaemia. Aim: We report a case of postoperative acute gouty arthritis secondary to hydrochlorothiazide use. Clinical details: A 65‐year‐old woman developed pain postoperatively in the left foot, characterised by swelling, redness and warmth in the dorsal aspect and tenderness at the first metatarsophalangeal joint. She had a history of hypertension and had been treated with hydrochlorothiazide for the past 3 years. She had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy with umbilical hernioplasty 5 days previously. Based on the presenting signs, symptoms and past medical history, her condition was diagnosed as postoperative acute gouty arthritis secondary to thiazide intake. Causality assessment was suggestive of a possible relationship between the patient's symptoms and her use of hydrochlorothiazide. Outcome: Symptoms improved significantly after the offending drug was withdrawn. Conclusion: Blood uric acid levels should be monitored pre‐ and postoperatively in an individual on thiazide diuretics.

A few cases of mild to moderate, gradual and reversible sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) with prolonged doses of nonsteroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs has been reported. We present a case of sudden irreversible SNHL in a 60-year-old female after taking a single dose of diclofenac. The patient was a known case of diabetes mellitus and hypertension and was on regular treatment. We postulate that the patient's hearing loss was the result of diclofenac's ototoxic effects which may have been potentiated as a result of her long standing diabetes, hypertension and old age. Accordingly, we recommend the cautious use of diclofenac in patients with underlying diseases where diclofenac induced ototoxicity could potentially result in adverse otologic consequences.