Adenosine deaminase (ADA; E.C.3.5.4.4) catalyses the deamination of adenosine to inosine. In the human reproductive system, the importance of enzymes that affect metabolism of adenosine, particularly adenosine deaminase, has been noticed. The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma activities of total adenosine deaminase (ADAT), and its isoenzymes, ADA1 and ADA2, in fertile and infertile men. Plasma activities of ADA and its isoenzymes were measured in 55 fertile men and 70 infertile men. There was a significant difference in the ADA1 and ADA2 activities between fertile and infertile individuals (P < 0.01). The activity of ADAT, ADA2 and ADA1 in infertile men was higher than that in fertile individuals. This alteration in ADA activity can lead to reduced adenosine levels, which may be involved in disturbing the fertility process.

Background: Kawasaki Disease (KD) is an acute febrile vasculitis of early childhood and the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. The most important complication of KD is coronary artery aneurysm that may lead to thrombosis and myocardial infarction, occurring in 25% of untreated cases. Fortunately, timely treatment decreases it to 2 -4%. There is no specific test for the diagnosis of KD, which is entirely based on clinical and laboratory criteria. Objectives: Since KD is very common in Iran and other Asian countries, it is necessary to get a clear picture on the frequency of KD related anomalies in the clinical and laboratory findings as well as the frequency of coronary aneurysms in our region. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively studied the medical records of all children discharged from the Besat Hospital, Hamedan, Iran, with a final diagnosis of KD, from 2004 to 2013. Outpatient documents were also studied. Demographic data, clinical features, laboratory and echocardiographic findings were also recorded onto the forms. Results: Seventy four patients, 43 (58.1%) males and 31 (41.9%) females, were discharged with a final diagnosis of KD, 77% of which were less than 5 years old. No seasonal variability was noticed in the study population. Among all cases, 44 (59.5%) were diagnosed as complete and 30 (40.5%) as incomplete KD. Conjunctivitis, considered as the most common clinical finding, occurred in 79% of patients, whereas peripheral erythema was the least common, corresponding to 23% of cases. Finger desquamation and leukocytosis occurred in 54% and 49.3% of cases, respectively. Amongst the timely-treated patients, 11 (14,8%) developed coronary artery aneurysm. Conclusions: Sex, age, and seasonal patterns of KD in Hamedan Province, IR Iran, are similar to other regions. However, finger desquamation is less prevalent, diminishing its value as a measure for patients' follow up. The most common supplementary laboratory criteria were leukocytosis, thrombocytosis and anemia, which were determined by a complete blood count. Coronary artery aneurysm in timely-treated patients was far more common compared to other studies, which may indicate the need for revising the golden time for initiating the treatment.

The most important feature of traditional and ideologic societies is the revealing the disease of AIDS as a negative outcome of evil and illegal actions especially among women at the age of marriage. Even when the women are unintentionally inflicted with AIDS, they can not refer to any health center to find ways to mitigate or prevent their disease. This concealing in most cases has brought about some unpreventable outcomes in the family and in their children. in a pilot study, there was a public consensus among the physicians to introduce the girls at the age of 18 to have AIDS tests in health centers and there were provided some specific laboratories in unknown situations. the number of referrals was very small and in fact no one was interested in being exposed as AIDS potential patient. Fear from family, neighbours and coworkers forced them to hide their disease and they preferred to continue life with this disease. in some cases, there were determined some consultation sessions to convince the girls to do these tests. the efficacy of these sessions were interwoven with educational background, family and financial support. the fear from stigmatization was the first motivation of physicians to remove which this paper tries to reveal in different contexts.