Purpose Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) or rectus diastasis is an acquired condition in which the rectus muscles are separated by an abnormal distance along their length, but with no fascia defect. To data there is no consensus about risk factors for DRA. The aim of this article is to critically review the literature about prevalence and risk factor of DRA. Method A total of 13 papers were identified. Results The real prevalence of DRA is unknown because the prevalence rate varies with measurement method, measurement site and judgment criteria, but it is certainly an extremely frequent condition. Numbers of parity, BMI, diabetes are the most plausible risk factors. We identified a new anatomical variation in cadaveric dissection and in abdominal CT image evaluation: along the semilunar line the internal oblique aponeurosis could join the rectus sheath with only a posterior layer, so without a double layer (anterior and posterior) as usually described. We conducted a retrospective review of abdominal CT images and the presence of the posterior insertion only could be considered as a risk factor for DRA. Conclusion Further studies with large sample size, including nulliparous, primiparous, pluriparous and men too, are necessary for identify the real prevalence

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The effect of treatment with eprinomectin on milk yield, milk composition and somatic cell counts (SCCs) was studied in 105 dairy cows located on seven farms in South Tyrol, Italy. On each farm, half of the animals were treated with eprinomectin and the other half were used as an untreated control group. Three test day records per animal were obtained before treatment (days -117, -75 and -33) and another three test day records were obtained after treatment (days 22, 62 and 131). Test day records comprised milk yield, milk composition, SCC and days in milk. On the day of treatment, blood samples and faecal samples were taken for parasitological analysis. Cows with positive faecal egg counts yielded less milk. A significant effect of eprinomectin on milk yield was observed after treatment and was most pronounced on the second and the third test days after treatment (+1.90 kg [P=0.002] and +2.63 kg [P<0.001], respectively). Furthermore, a significant decrease in SCC was observed on the second test day after treatment.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of tildipirosin (TIP) to tulathromycin (TUL) administered at arrival to reduce morbidity in beef heifers (Charolais; n=785; age=11.1ñ1.9 months; average body weight=830.9 ± 78.48 lb (376.9 ± 35.6 kg)) at high risk of developing bovine respiratory disease (BRD). BRD morbidity was lower in the TIP group (TIP=6.8%; TUL=20.9%; P<0.01) over the feeding period. Animals in the TIP group had greater average daily gain compared to heifers in the TUL group (TIP=2.49 lb (1.13 kg); TUL=2.34 lb (1.06 kg); P<0.01). No differences were observed between groups for number and severity of lung lesions. In the present study, tildipirosin was more effective than tulathromycin in reducing BRD morbidity and improving growth performance in newly received beef heifers considered at high risk for BRD.