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: The interactions between AllaO4(OH)24(H20)~ ~ and higher molecular weight hydroxy-Al species with homoionic Na-and Ca-montmorillonite have been studied by measuring adsorption of the hydroxy-Al on to the clay, turbidity of the resulting suspensions, electrokinetic potential, and d(001) basal spacing. The isolated "Alia" ions are adsorbed according to a cation-exchange process which causes flocculation of the tactoids at low concentrations. At higher concentrations, the adsorption of either isolated "All3" or/and higher molecular weight species is mainly responsible for the dispersion of clay particles with a net positive surface charge (~ ~ + 50 mV). Consequently, the tactoids are destroyed.