The report of pathogenic potentials of Cladosphialophora biatiana in humans, majorly among the farmers is now posing threat to the populace, and the need to search for a preventive measure from readily available, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and natural sources will be an ultimate success to be attained. This study was carried out to evaluate the prophylactic potential of essential cream produced from Chromolaena odorata leaves extract against Cladosphialophora biatiana dermatological infection. Soil samples were randomly collected from different farmlands and screened for the presence of Cladosphialophora biatiana using appropriate microbiological techniques. The pathological profile of the organism and prophylactic potential of essential cream were assessed by topically exposing them to albino Wistar rats for a period of one month. The study revealed the pathological features of the test isolates; alopecia, discoloration. Scaly, swelling, erythema, patches, macule and erosion were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced to 0.1% / 0% among those rats initially exposed to the studied essential cream. This study has shown that the studied essential cream protected the rats from Cladosphialophora biatiana infection and could be used as an alternative prophylactic measure to dermatological infection caused by the studied organism.

The roles of E. coli in cases of diseases has been established and reported to have a substantial degree of morbidity and mortality among children and adults. This study was carried out to investigate the sequential pathogenicity of sorbitol positive (SOR+) and sorbitol negative (SOR-) Escherichia coli isolated from roasted meat in Uli Community. A total of 10 roasted meat samples were randomly collected from four different points in Uli Community and screened for the presence of SOR+ and SOR-E. coli using the pour plate technique. The isolates obtained were characterized and identified using their colonial descriptions, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The pathogenic potentials of the isolates on chicks were investigated by challenging the chicks orally using 0.5 ml of the inoculum (108cells/ml). All chicks were kept under complete observation for 2 weeks for pathological signs and symptoms, mortalities and gross morphological lesions of the internal organs. The SOR+E. coli; T1 (21. 78%), T2 (18. 18%), T3 (26. 73%) and SOR-E. coli R1 (19. 80%), R2 (12. 87%) were seen in the studied samples, and R1 was mostly seen in the samples collected from the school front area. There were a significant (P<0.05) increase in organ weights, obvious pathological signs and lesions on the internal organs of the infected chicks, and these were seen most in SOR-E. coli. There were significant (P<0.05) viable plate counts of the isolates from the harvested organs, of which the counts of SOR-E. coli were recorded most. No count was recorded from non-infected chicks. It was observed that T3 was the most predominant from the studied samples when compared to T1, T3, R1 and R2. The test isolates showed reasonable pathogenic features among chicks and SOR-E. coli, mostly R1 proved to be most pathogenic among the tested isolates.

Streptococcus suis has been reported as the most causative agent of streptococcal infection of pigs and humans among the pig farmers in Nigeria, although the common reservoir of this infection is not really specified. This study was carried out to x-ray the cross-sectional study of S. suis among pigs and environs. A total of 430 samples were drawn from different sources (nasal swab, pork, pig droppings, pig feeds, bioaerosol), and screened for the presence of Streptococcus suis using standard microbiological techniques. The isolates obtained were characterized using their morphological and biochemical characteristics. The study revealed the presence of Streptococcus suis Q, Streptococcus suis R, Streptococcus suis S and Streptococcus suis Y, of which the isolates were significantly (α˂0.05) seen most in nasal swab samples whereas the isolates were seen least in pig feed samples. Streptococcus suis Q was most significantly (α˂0.05) seen among the samples whereas S. suis R was seen least. From the study, S. suis was seen in the studied samples and it was harbored most in nasal samples, and S. suis Q was seen most in the studied samples.

Streptococcus suis; a dominant specie found in pigs and environs, has been receiving drastically attention not only in causing human infections but also for its involvement in antibiotic resistance, of which 80% of these resistant genes are encoded in the plasmid. This study was undertaken to evaluate the plasmid curing potentials of some selected plant seed extracts against antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus suis isolated from pigs and environs. Samples were collected from different anatomical sites of the pigs and their environs and screened for the presence of Streptococcus suis using standard microbiological techniques. The resistant strains were detected by subjecting the isolates to an antibiotic susceptibility test using the disk diffusion method. The study revealed the presence of Streptococcus suis Q, Streptococcus suis R, Streptococcus suis S and Streptococcus suis Y, of which 24.14%, 100.00%, 41.67% and 39.23% of isolates Q, R, S and Y respectively that were resistant to antibiotics; 64.29%, 100.00% and 63.64% were multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) strains, and 61.76% of the resistant strains had MAR index greater than 0.2. From the above study, different strains of multiple antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus suis were isolated from pigs and environs, of which isolate Q was most predominant, especially in nasal samples.

Salmonellosis, a disease caused by pathogenic strains of Salmonella, has been reported to have an essential degree in morbidity and mortality of humans (especially farmers) and poultry resulting in low productivity. This study was undertaken to evaluate the synergistic effects of probiotics and autogenous bacterin against Salmonella enterica serovar Tyhimurium strain U288 isolated from different poultry feed collected from Orlu-west Local Government Area of Imo State. Different types of feed samples were aseptically collected and screened for the presence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium using standard microbiological techniques. The pathogenic potentials of the organism in broiler chicks were investigated by challenging the chicks orally using 0.5ml of the inoculum (108cells/ml).The protective effects of locally prepared autogenous bacterin (B), commercially prepared probiotics (P) and autogenous bacterin plus commercially prepared probiotics (BP) were investigated using in vivo technique. The study revealed significant (p<0.05) pathological features and lesions in the liver and spleen of the infected chicks. The mean plate counts were significantly (p<0.05) recorded more in the liver than spleen. The in vivo study showed that P, B and BP showed pronounced activity against the tested isolates of which BP proved to be more effective. Therefore the combination of autogenous bacterin and probiotics exhibited synergistic activity, and was effective in preventing infection caused by S. enterica serovar Tyhimurium U288.