Aortopulmonary pressure difference and pulmonary blood flow velocity were studied during the first 48 hours of life in 12 premature neonates with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), treated by natural surfactant, and in 25 premature neonates with mild RDS. A non-invasive Doppler ultrasound method was used to estimate aortopulmonary pressure difference and pulmonary blood flow velocity from the left pulmonary artery. Aortopulmonary pressure difference was significantly lower at 6 hours of age in the infants with severe RDS and was not increased one hour after surfactant therapy. Aortopulmonary gradient started to rise at 24 hours of age and was equal to that of neonates with mild RDS at 48 hours. Pulmonary blood flow velocity was significantly lower, initially in the severe RDS group, and was not increased one hour after surfactant therapy. Left pulmonary artery flow velocity began to rise after 24 hours and reached the values of the mild RDS group at 48 hours. These data indicate that aortopulmonary pressure difference and pulmonary blood flow are low in the acute phase of RDS and that surfactant treatment does not seem to affect these values. (Arch Dis Child 1995; 73: F95-F98)
Depuis la fin des années 1970, les transports néonatals sont organisés et réalisés, en France et dans la plupart des pays européens, par des équipes spécialisées, le plus souvent médicalisées. Celles-ci sont soit dédiées et disponibles pour une région, soit liées à une unité de réani-mation néonatale au sein d'un réseau local ou régional. En France, la législation a évolué permettant de définir au cours du transfert néonatal, en lien avec les changements d'organisation liés au Plan périnatalité, deux niveaux de soins et de surveillance : médicalisé et infirmier. Les Smur pédiatriques ont participé dans notre pays à la diffusion des techniques récentes et des protocoles de soins, à l'amélioration des résul-tats obtenus et à la mise en place de la régionalisation des soins périnatals. Ils ont également contribué à évaluer dans plusieurs régions françaises les politiques périnatales des 15 dernières années et à former les urgentistes, les pédiatres, les sages-femmes et les infirmier(ère)s.Mots clés Transport néonatal · Smur pédiatrique · Plan périnatalité · Réseau périnatal · Module de transport néonatal · Transport infirmier · Ventilation non invasive · Surfactant exogène · Sédation-analgésie Abstract Since the end of the seventies neonatal transfers in France and in most of the europeans countries are organized and realized by specialized teams often with the survey of pediatricians. The teams are « dedicated » for a region or « on call » for a neonatal intensive care unit in a perinatal network. In France, the law has changed following the « Perinatal Plan ». Neonatal transport is now defined in two levels: medical team or teams with paramedics. In our country, the neonatal emergency transfer systems (Smur pédiatrique) have taken an important part to the diffusion of technical progress and care protocols during the last fifteen years, to improve results and for perinatal regionalisation. They also have played a role in the evaluation of the perinatal policies and in the education of pediatricians, midwifes and nurses.
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