In this large phase III trial, the efficacy of DaunoXome was comparable to that of ABV. Response rates, time to treatment failure, and overall survival were similar on both treatment arms. DaunoXome is a safe and effective primary therapy for advanced AIDS-related KS.

(1985), using data derived from a study of 225 men with testicular cancer, calculated that having a first degree relative with testicular cancer was associated with a 6-fold elevated risk in comparison with the general population. There has been relatively little research into whether the excess in familial cases occurs as a result of a genetic predisposition, common environment or both (Gedde-Dahl et al., 1985;Dieckmann et al., 1987;Forman, 1989;Oliver, 1990).We have established a UK-based register for familial testicular cancer to provide a means for the systematic documentation of new cases, including histological verification, and for obtaining standardised lymphocyte-DNA samples from affected and unaffected family members for subsequent genetic linkage analysis. In this paper we describe data on the first 42 families reported to the register for which confirmation of the diagnosis has been obtained.A sub-set of these families were identified from interviews about family history with men diagnosed as having testicular cancer for whom an age-matched control was also interviewed. Using these families, it was possible to estimate the

A case-control study was conducted in Los Angeles County, California, of 163 very young breast-cancer cases (all aged 32 or less at diagnosis) to investigate the role, if any, of oral contraceptives (OC) in the development of the disease. OC use before first full-term pregnancy (FFTP) was associated with an elevated risk, which increased with duration of OC use (relative risk approximately 2.2 at 6 years of use, P < 0.01). This increased risk could not be explained by other risk factors. OC use after FFTP was not associated with any change in risk. A first-trimester abortion before FFTP, whether spontaneous or induced, was associated with a 2.4-fold increase in breast-cancer risk (P < 0.005).

No abstract

Summary In Los Angeles County, the age-adjusted incidence rate of colon cancer in men is almost 30% higher than that in women; however, in the descending and sigmoid colon, age-specific incidence rates for women are higher than those for men before age 55. Since menstrual and/or reproductive factors may be involved in producing this crossover in age-specific rates, they were examined in a population-based case-control study involving 327 white women with adenocarcinoma of the colon and age-, race-and neighbourhood-matched controls. After adjustment for other factors associated with colon cancer in this study (family history of large bowel cancer, total fat intake, calcium, weight and activity level), ever having been pregnant was protective (RR=0.56, 95% CI=0.33-0.97). For one to two pregnancies, the RR was 0.76 (CI=0.42-1.37); for three or more pregnancies, the RR was 0.45 (CI=0.25-0.81). However, the relationship between the number of pregnancies and colon cancer risk was actually U-shaped, with risk decreasing with successive pregnancies up to four and then increasing with additional pregnancies. The U-shaped relationship was present for incomplete as well as for full-term pregnancies and was more striking for cancers occurring in the distal (descending and sigmoid) than proximal (caecum to splenic flexure) colon. Risk was not related to age at menarche or use of exogenous oestrogens, but delayed natural menopause was weakly protective in the proximal but not distal colon. The crossover in incidence rates in the distal colon can be completely accounted for by the pregnancy effect. The U-shape of the pregnancy curve suggests the possibility of competing factors, some protective, especially after one or several pregnancies, and others conferring increasing risk with successive pregnancies, regardless of the pregnancy outcome.