No abstract

RESUMOSubmitted on 02/20/2014 and approved on 01/20/2016 Growth of sugar cane varieties under salinityLarge salty areas in the Brazilian semi-arid region have limited farming in Northeastern Brazil. One example is the sugar cane cultivation, which reinforces the need of selecting varieties that are more tolerant to salinity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on growth of ten varieties of sugar cane. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, set in the experimental field of Embrapa Semiárido, in Petrolina, Pernambuco State. The experimental design was randomized blocks arranged in a 6 X 10 factorial arrangement, comprised of six levels of salinity (0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dS m -1 ) and ten sugar cane varieties (VAT 90212; RB 72454; RB 867515; Q 124; RB 961003; RB 957508; SP791011; RB 835089; RB 92579 and SP 943206). Salt levels of irrigation water were obtained by adding NaCl, CaCl 2 .2H 2 O and MgSO 4 .7H 2 O to achieve an equivalent ratio among Na:Ca:Mg of 7:2:1. Sixty days later, plant height, stem diameter (base), number of leaves, stalks and sprouts, leaf area and fresh and dry mass of the aerial part and roots were all measured. The varieties of sugar cane showed similar responses for growth reduction as soil salinity increases, being considered moderately sensitive to salinity.

RESUMO O uso de cobertura do solo na produção de melão pode ser uma alternativa na região do Submédio do Vale do São Francisco, onde o grande desafio é produzir em quantidade e qualidade na entressafra. O objetivo foi determinar o efeito de coberturas de solo e manta agrotêxtil (TNT) na produtividade e qualidade dos frutos do meloeiro na entressafra de cultivo (plantio no primeiro semestre) no Submédio do Vale do Rio São Francisco, Petrolina-PE. O experimento foi conduzido nos anos de 2009 e 2010, durante junho a agosto. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições, em arranjo fatorial 6x2. Os tratamentos compreenderam cinco tipos de coberturas do solo (plástico preto, plástico dupla face preto/prata, casca de coco, palha de capim buffel, bagaço de cana) e a testemunha em solo descoberto, com a presença ou ausência de TNT. O número de frutos por planta variou entre 1,11 e 1,70, sem diferenças significativas entre tratamentos, à exceção do tratamento com casca de coco que apresentou pior desempenho em 2010. A maior e menor produção de frutos por planta foi obtida pela cobertura com polietileno de dupla face e solo descoberto (2,91 e 1,91 kg/planta, respectivamente). As coberturas do solo com polietileno de dupla face, palha de capim buffel e bagaço de cana apresentaram produtividade comercial superior ou similar aos demais tratamentos variando entre 35,60 e 58,20 t/ha. De forma geral, as características físicas e de qualidade do fruto pouco foram influenciadas pelas coberturas do solo e TNT. Considerando os dois ciclos de cultivo, os tratamentos polietileno de dupla face, bagaço de cana, palha de capim buffel, polietileno preto e casca de coco sobressaíram com melhor índice de produtividade da água, variando entre 113,8 e 133,9 L de água/kg massa fresca de fruto e o solo descoberto apresentou valor pior (164,1 L/kg).

Salt stress is one of the most limiting environmental factors for agricultural yields in the Semiarid region of Brazil. Considering the expansion of areas with sugarcane crops in this region, the selection of more adapted plant varieties to this environment is an essential tool for the sustainability of this activity. Thus, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses of plants of ten sugarcane varieties to salt stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized block design, in a 6×10 factorial arrangement consisting of six salinity levels in the irrigation water (0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 dS m-1) and ten sugarcane varieties (VAT 90212, RB 72454, RB 867515, Q 124, RB 961003, RB 957508, SP 791011, RB 835089, RB 92579, and SP 943206), with three replications. Salt waters were applied every two days to increase the soil moisture to field capacity and promote leaching. The gas exchange, chlorophyll content, and total soluble and reducing sugars of leaves were evaluated at 90 days after planting. The highest chlorophyll contents were found in plants of the varieties Q 124, RB 96103, RB 835089, and SP 943206. The effect of salinity on the sugarcane plants affected their leaf gas exchanges and total soluble and reducing sugar contents, denoting the adaptability of plants to the stress conditions evaluated. The decrease of stomatal conductance resulted in decreases in photosynthetic rates in plants of all sugarcane varieties evaluated, except for RB 867515.

RESUMO -O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência de três sistemas de irrigação sobre as trocas gasosas e as qualidades tecnológicas da cana-de-açúcar, variedade RB 92579, por três ciclos consecutivos, cultivada em dois tipos de solos na região do Submédio do São Francisco. Os experimentos foram instalados utilizando delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com seis repetições, em áreas com solo arenoso e argiloso. Os sistemas de irrigação foram: sulco, gotejamento superficial e gotejamento subsuperficial. Avaliaram-se as características fisiológicas das plantas: fotossíntese líquida, condutância estomática, transpiração e temperatura foliar. Para análises tecnológicas foram determinados o teor de sólidos solúveis, porcentagem de fibra industrial, pureza do caldo, porcentagem de açúcar bruto, açúcares redutores e umidade. Verificou-se que a irrigação por gotejamento subsuperficial em solo arenoso interfere negativamente nas trocas gasosas da cultura. Os sistemas de irrigação não influenciaram na qualidade tecnológica dos colmos quando cultivada em solo arenoso e, no argiloso, o sulco interfere negativamente no processo de maturação dos colmos. Palavras-chave:ABSTRACT -The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of three irrigation systems on the gas exchange and technological qualities of the sugarcane variety RB 92579, for three consecutive cycles, grown in two types of soil in the Lower Basin region of San Francisco in Brazil. The experiments were set up in a randomised-block design, with six replications, in areas of sandy and clayey soil. The irrigation systems used were: furrow, surface drip and subsurface drip. The following physiological characteristics of the plants were evaluated: net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and leaf temperature. In the technological analyses, levels were determined for soluble solids, percentage of industrial fibre, juice purity, percentage of raw sugar, reducing sugars and moisture. It was found that subsurface drip irrigation in sandy soil impairs the gas exchange of the crop. The irrigation systems did not influence the technological quality of the stalks when grown in sandy soil. In clay soil, furrow irrigation impairs the maturation process of the stems.