No abstract

: estructuración del manuscrito, aportes a resultados y discusión María de los Ángeles Carrasquilla: discusión sobre la metodología y análisis de la información Verónica Jhajaira Gómez y Jaime Robledo: redacción del manuscrito y discusión de los resultados Todos los autores participaron en la selección de los estudios publicados.

Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) autoimmune disorder is characterized by joint pain, stiffness, and impaired functionality. The disease is characterized for its variability in terms of the cost therapy, especially the biological one, compared to other treatment alternatives. We aimed to examine the costs in patients with RA receiving biological therapy and to describe global change in Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28). MethOds: Under a T2T model, we followed patients with RA receiving biological therapy during 12 months; each patient had a minimum of 6 follow-up visits. Clinical follow-up was defined according to DAS28 as follows: every 3-5 weeks (DAS28> 5.1), every 7-9 weeks (DAS28≥ 3.1 and ≤ 5.1), and every 11-13 weeks (DAS28< 3.1). Tender joint count, swollen joint count and DAS28 were measured on each visit. We stratified patients in four groups: remission, low disease activity (LDA), moderate disease activity (MDA) and severe disease activity (SDA). Means and standard deviations were estimated for continuous variables and categorical variables were presented as percentages. We assessed the overall drug expenses; costs were presented in US dollars at the official rate of exchange for December 2017. Results: 606 were included, 83% were female, mean age was 60 years ±11. We achieved remission in 29.63 % of patients, and 22.56% in LDA (at overall 52.2% of response rate). Regarding therapy, 27% received Certolizumab, followed by Etanercept 17%, Abatacept 13%, Rituximab 9% Tocilizumab 9%, Golimumab and Tofacitinib 7%, adalimumab 6% and infliximab 4%. The cost therapy for 12 months was 5.039.840 Million/Dollars for all patients. cOnclusiOns: Our study showed an evident global improvement of DAS28 in a cohort of RA patients receiving biological therapy. Although the therapy is effective, ratios of cost-effectiveness should be considered by stakeholders; further research is needed using a greater sample to verify our results.

for UK. The utility values for the one-time use catheters were associated with the attributes of steps/time needed for catheterization, pain during catheterization and frequency of urinary tract infections (UTIs). ConClusions: The investigated attributes of compact catheter design, phthalates, steps/time needed, pain related to catheterization and frequency of UTIs have a significant impact on health utilities, which highlight the value of catheter innovations in these areas. No cut-off limit was applied to exclude extreme values and it would be relevant to explore the impact of outlier responses in future research.

in both sexes. In our analysis we used descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test. Results: In 1990, standardized mortality in men 45-59 was the highest in fSU (n=15) 358.69/100,000, the lowest rate was found in WE (n=17) 143.67/100,000. It significantly decreased to 244.99/100,000 (-31.70%, n=11) and 50.29/100,000 (-65.00%, n=15) by 2014 respectively (p,0.05). In 1990, standardized mortality in women 45-59 was the highest in fSU (n=15) 99.78/100,000, the lowest rate was found in WE (n=17) 29.06/100,000. It significantly decreased to 56.26/100,000 (-43.61%, n=11) and 9.89/100,000 (-65.97%, n=15) by 2014 respectively (p,0.05). Mortality also decreased significantly (p,0.001) among men (-49.41%) and women (-50.57%) in EE between 1990 and 2014. Conclusions: A significant decline was detected in standardized mortality of IHD in both sexes aged 45-59 between the assessed time period. The highest improvement was observed in Western-European countries.