We describe the case of a 33-year-old pregnant woman, gravida 1 para 0, who was referred to us with a presumptive diagnosis of an interstitial pregnancy. The patient had had amenorrhea for 7 weeks and had previously undergone myomectomy. Two-dimensional sonographic examination revealed a gestational sac located outside the uterine cavity but could not define its exact anatomic position. Using transvaginal 3-dimensional sonography, we were able to correctly depict the sac, which was located where the fallopian tube crossed the uterine horn. We performed a cornual resection, during which the diagnosis of interstitial pregnancy was confirmed. The use of 3-dimensional sonography in this patient's case thus led to appropriate early treatment and avoidance of possible subsequent morbidity.

Postmenopausal women with endometrial fluid collection on sonography should undergo endometrial sampling if the endometrial lining is thicker than 3 mm or the endometrial fluid is echogenic. If the lining is 3 mm or less and the endometrial fluid is clear, endometrial sampling is not necessary, but we recommend endocervical sampling to rule out endocervical cancer.

Two glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antagonists (xemilofiban, SC-54684A, and orbofiban, SC-57099B), which are platelet aggregation inhibitors, caused crystalline precipitates in the kidney tubules of rats at high dosages. Dogs were not affected. Depending on the degree of the precipitation, which was dosage dependent, and the location, which differed somewhat between the two compounds, the lesions varied from acute obstruction with tubule cell necrosis, nephron dilation, and sudden death with no inflammation to severe chronic pyogranulomatous inflammation. In order to understand the relevance of the lesions, it was important to identify the precipitates. This was technically challenging because the crystals were water soluble (dissolving in routine fixing and staining techniques) and were present in insufficient quantity to physically isolate. Techniques were devised to evaluate the crystals in situ in unstained frozen sections prepared without directly embedding the tissues in supporting medium, which interfered with the analyses. The crystals were analyzed in situ by infrared and Raman spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS). Uroliths found in the renal pelvis of one animal were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The resulting spectra showed that the crystals were the de-esterified acids of the parent compounds. This knowledge allowed us to predict that the crystalline precipitates would not be a hazard to humans because of the large multiples of the human dosage at which they occurred and because of differences in renal physiology between rats, dogs, and humans.