Glucose control is the cornerstone of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) treatment. Although self-regulation using capillary glycemia (SRCG) still remains the best procedure in clinical practice, continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGM) offer the possibility of continuous and dynamic assessment of interstitial glucose concentration. CGM systems have the potential to improve glycemic control while decreasing the incidence of hypoglycemia but the efficiency, compared with SRCG, is still debated. CGM systems have the greatest potential value in patients with hypoglycemic unawareness and in controlling daily fluctuations in blood glucose. The implementation of continuous monitoring in the standard clinical setting has not yet been established but a new generation of open and close loop subcutaneous insulin infusion devices are emerging making insulin treatment and glycemic control more reliable.

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Objective: Evaluate the real-world efficacy and safety of canagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), associated to a weight-loss intensive lifestyle intervention program (WLIP), to achieve weight loss greater than 5% at 12 months. Methods:Retrospective review of patients with T2DM included in a WLIP, who were prescribed canagliflozin from June 2015 to December 2016 at four endocrinology clinics in the south of Spain within routine clinical practice context. Changes during 12 months in anthropometric variables, HbA1c, uric acid and adverse events were assessed.Results: 201 patients with T2DM (45.8% women, 60.3 ± 9.4 years old and BMI: 34.9 ± 8.7 kg/m 2 ) were studied. Patients treated with canagliflozin lost an average weight and reduced an average of waist circumference of -4.0 ± 4.2 kg and -3.2 ± 8.4 cm, -5.4 ± 5.7 kg and -4.9 ± 9.9 cm and -5.3 ± 8.0 kg and -7.0 ± 14.6 cm, achieving weight loss greater than 5%: 29.0%, 47.9% and 42.7% of patients at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. HbA1c levels were average reduced by -1.2%, -1.3% and -1.3% and 68.8% reached an HbA1c level ≤ 7% at 12 months. 17.9% (36 patients) experienced mild adverse events and canagliflozin treatment was suspended in 23 patients (11.4%). Conclusion:The addition of canagliflozin to the treatment of overweight or obese patients with T2DM, as a complement of a weight-loss intensive lifestyle intervention, was associated with improvement in body weight and glycemic control with relative mild adverse events.

Vitamin D insufficiency (D-INSUFF) has been associated with impaired immune response in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients and with a worse prognosis in patients with liver fibrosis. Nevertheless, few studies have explored the influence of D-INSUFF in immunological response and liver parameters in HIV and hepatitis C virus co-infected patients (HIV/HCV) on long term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with successful immune and viral response. In this cross-sectional study, first we determined the prevalence of D-INSUFF in a cohort of HIV/HCV outpatients with liver fibrosis and second, we assessed whether the existence of D-INSUFF involves the appearance of relevant immunological data and/or particular clinical aspects related to liver disease.