Concerns have been raised about the health and development of children conceived by assisted reproductive technologies (ART) since 1978. Controversially, ART has been linked with adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes, an increased risk of birth defects, cancers, and growth and development disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that ART treatment may also predispose individuals to an increased risk of chronic ageing related diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This review will summarize the available evidence on the short-term and long-term health outcomes of ART singletons, as multiple pregnancies after multiple embryos transfer, are associated with low birth weight and preterm delivery, which can separately increase risk of adverse postnatal outcomes, and impact long-term health. We will also examine the potential factors that may contribute to these health risks, and discuss underlying mechanisms, including epigenetic changes that may occur during the preimplantation period and reprogram development in utero, and adult health, later in life. Lastly, this review will consider the future directions with the view to optimize the long-term health of ART children.

Summary Objective To determine the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection during the first trimester of pregnancy in pregnant women in a Maternity Institute. Methods We contacted and recruited a total of 105 women with up to 3 months gestation who attended the outpatient. All of them filled out a consent form and were collected a sample of vaginal secretion, which was analysed for direct observation and inoculated into the culture medium InPouch TV (Biomed Diagnostics, White City, Oregon, USA) and incubated for up 72 h at 378C. The samples were observed under the microscope for the presence of mobile parasites. Besides demographic data were collected. Results The prevalence of infection with T vaginalis was 5.71% and 3.8% by culture and direct observation, respectively. The growing use of laboratory performance improvement in the report of the prevalence of T vaginalis. Close supervision of this parasite during pregnancy using more sensitive laboratory methods see Abstract P1-S1.26 Figure 1.Abstract P1-S1.26 Figure 1 "Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection during the first trimester of pregnancy in pregnant women".

injection frequency and HIV prevalence of 28.65% underlines the need for continued behaviour change communication. Low injecting rates and moderate to high sexual activity among Nagaland IDUs indicates communication strategies should shift towards sexual risk behaviours. The 3rd PBS is underway and will enable to see how behaviours are changing over time.