Rat liver epithelial cells explanted in a serum-free medium (SFM) composed of Ham's F10 basal medium plus free fatty acids adsorbed on bovine albumin gave successful rise to primary cultures and then to long-term cell lines that expressed liver functions; induction of L-tyrosine aminotransferase by glucocorticoids, hepatic pattern of progesterone metabolism, and biosynthesis of murine primary bile acids; chenodeoxycholic and cholic acid common to higher vertebrates and alpha-muricholic acid specific of the rat bile.

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Hepatocytes from rats were isolated by treatment with trypsin and cultured. Plasma membranes at different culture stages were observed by electron microscopy. The activities of 5' nucleotidase and adenosinetriphosphatase on the plasma membranes were examined. The cell coat was also studied by use of the concanavalin A-peroxidase technique. The surfaces of single cells, covered with microvilli, are the site of adenosinetriphosphatase activity only and are devoid of 5'-nucleotidase activity. After a few h of culture, the cells are grouped together in tight clusters or long trails and are separated by an intercellular space of 250 A, partially permeable to lanthanum nitrate. The juxtaposed plasma membranes on which 5'-nucleotidase and adenosinetriphosphatase activities occur also delimit spaces similar to bile canaliculi. The formation of junction complexes and their permeability to lanthanum nitrate was also studied. No enzymatic activity is observed at the junctions. The numerous tight junctions, impervious to the tracer, are always accompanied by a profusion of microfilaments. Mature desmosomes are rare, and are present only in the form of "maculae adhaerentes diminutae." The gap junctions, nearly always permeable to the tracer, form rapidly and assume a variety of shapes (trail, bulge and ring-like), the significance of which is open to discussion. The use of concanavalin A permits localization of the free sugar sites on the surface of the cells, in the pinocytotic vesicles and in the internal space of the gap junctions.

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