Esophagectomy is the main option for treatment of esophageal cancer. Among the subjects of surgical interest is the use of anterior versus posterior mediastinum to permit reconstruction of the alimentary tract. We performed postmortem measurements in order to analyze the lengths of both routes. For each route (anterior and posterior) we performed two measurements. The first one was called anatomical route and the second was named as surgical route. Both routes begin at the cricoid cartilage. The anatomical route goes to the celiac axis and the surgical route goes to the gastroduodenal artery. Our results show that in both routes the posterior mediastinum is a shorter way to reach the cervical region.

Although the use of the posterior mediastinum and the stomach as a reconstruction option after esophagectomy has large acceptance all over the world, there are concerns about the potential respiratory impairment it could cause. We prospectively studied 35 patients regarding the forced expiratory volume and vital capacity. The patients were studied preoperatively and between the 45th and 60th postoperative days. The value of both parameters decreased, although they were still within normal clinical ranges. We concluded that this type of reconstruction does not harm the patients regarding the respiratory flow rates.

Although the use of the posterior mediastinum and the stomach as a reconstruction option after esophagectomy has wide acceptance, there are concerns about the potential cardiac impairment it could cause. We prospectively studied 27 patients regarding the function and the systolic diameter, diastolic diameter, shortening fraction, ejection fraction and the presence of extrinsic compression. The patients were studied preoperatively and between the 45th and 60th postoperative days. The parameters were still within normal clinical ranges. We concluded that this type of reconstruction does not harm the patients in terms of their cardiac function.

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Cell culture techniques hold great importance for the development of molecular biology. However, when used to study oncology, most of the samples come from surgical specimens. Endoscopy is a interesting alternative to get samples for culture. We studied a protocol to allow the control of infectious contamination potentially related to endoscopy, which could preclude it as a method to obtain cells for culture. Esophageal biopsies from 30 patients were taken through upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, using a previously flamed forceps, and were cultivated with and without amphotericin. Our results showed contamination in 3.3% of the wells without the antifungal and in 0.8% of those with it. Regarding the 30 cases studied, the described protocol was able to provide samples free of contamination in all of them.