-The effect of caponisation on fat composition by parts (wing, breast, thigh, and drumstick) and tissues (skin, subcutaneous adipose tissue, intermuscular adipose tissue and muscle) was examined in the present study and fatty acid profiles of abdominal fat and edible meat by parts and tissue components were determined. The sample was made up of twenty-eight castrated and twenty male Penedesenca Negra chicks reared under free-range conditions and slaughtered at 28 wk of age; the birds were castrated at four or eight weeks. Caponisation significantly increased (P < 0.01) the chemical fat content in all parts (16.31% to 37.98% in breast; 21.98% to 34.13% in wing; 21.09% to 49.57% in thigh; 14.33% to 24.82% in drumstick) and led to minor modifications in fat characteristics, particularly in the thigh and the drumstick, where the unsaturated vs. saturated fatty acid ratio increased from 1.31 to 1.76 ( P < 0.01) and from 1.48 to 2.07 (P < 0.01), respectively. Delaying the age of castration from 4 to 8 weeks increased this ratio by 0.35 in the edible meat. Even though the profile of the abdominal fat is less saturated in capons, all changes occurring on fat quality after caponisation indicate that increased fatness after castration does not imply worse fat nutritional properties. chicken / capon / edible meat / fatty acids Résumé -Comparaison de la composition lipidique de la viande, des tissus adipeux et des muscles de coqs et de chapons. Les effets de la castration sur la composition de la graisse de différents morceaux (ailes, filets, cuisses, pilons) et de tissus (peau, graisse sous cutanée, tissus adipeux intermusculaires et muscles) ont été mesurés dans la présente étude. Les profils en acides gras (AG) de la graisse abdominale et des morceaux ont été déterminés. Les prélèvements ont été faits sur 28 chapons et 20 coqs Penedesenca Noirs élevés en plein air et sacrifiés à l'âge de 28 semaines, le chaponnage étant réalisé à l'âge de 4 ou de 8 semaines. Le chaponnage fait augmenter significativement (P < 0,01) la concentration en graisse de tous les morceaux (de 16,31 à 37,98 % dans les filets ; de 21,98 à 34,13 % dans les ailes ; de 21,09 à 49,57 % dans les cuisses et de 14,33 à 24,82 % dans les pilons, en moyenne) et induit quelques modifications mineures des caractéristiques des graisses, particulièrement dans les cuisses et les pilons. Le chaponnage fait augmenter le rapport AG insaturés/AG saturés de 1,31 à 1,76 (P < 0,01) et de 1,48 à 2,07 (P < 0,01) dans les cuisses et les pilons, respectivement. En retardant l'âge de la castration de 4 à 8 semaines, ce rapport augmente de 0,35 en moyenne dans la viande consommée. Bien que le profil en AG de la graisse abdominale soit moins saturé chez les chapons, l'ensemble des changements se produisant sur la qualité des graisses après chaponnage suggère que l'engraissement supérieur des chapons n'implique pas une réduction de la qualité nutritionnelle des graisses. poulet / chapon / viande / acides gras
The present study analysed the meat characteristics of i) improved Castellana Negra chickens slaughtered at 18 weeks and ii) F1 crossbred chickens from improved Castellana Negra hens and improved Penedesenca Negra cocks (CNPN) slaughtered at 12 weeks and 18 weeks of age (young and adult animals, respectively). Purebred and crossbred specimens were compared at similar weights (CN-18 and CNPN-12) and ages . The protein content of the meat was similar for the three types of animals; heavier animals (CNPN-18) had more fat than those slaughtered at lower weights (CNPN-12 and CN-18). Adults had a higher saturated fatty acid content and the young CNPN chickens had more monounsaturated fatty acids than CN chickens. In the CNPN adults, less water was lost during cooking, which is directly related to the juiciness of the meat. With regard to sensory analysis, a darker colour was observed in the meat as much as the internal fat of adult animals, in addition to greater colour uniformity. The meat of young CNPN birds was juicier, whereas that of the CN chickens was more fibrous. Therefore, we conclude that meat from CNPN chickens presents chemical, physical, and sensorial characteristics that make these animals a genetic base for alternative poultry production.Additional key words: alternative animal production; autochthonous breeds; Castellana Negra; fat; fatty acids; Penedesenca Negra. ResumenCaracterísticas de la carne de pollos del cruce F1 de dos razas españolas mejoradas en función de la edad de sacrificio En este trabajo se estudiaron las características de la carne de pollos mejorados de raza Castellana Negra sacrificados a las 18 semanas (CN-18) y de pollos del cruce F1 de gallinas mejoradas de raza Castellana Negra y gallos mejorados de la raza Penedesenca Negra (tipo CNPN), sacrificados a las 12 y 18 semanas de vida (CNPN-12 y 18, animales jóvenes y adultos, respectivamente), con el fin de comparar la raza pura y el cruce sacrificados con peso similar (CN-18 y CNPN-12) y con la misma edad (CN-18 y CNPN-18). El contenido en proteína de la carne fue similar para los tres tipos de animales, y en grasa, los animales de mayor peso (CNPN-18) presentaron mayores contenidos que los sacrificados con pesos inferiores (CNPN-12 y CN-18). Los adultos presentaron mayor contenido en ácidos grasos saturados y el tipo CNPN joven mayor en monoinsaturados que el CN. En los tipo CNPN adultos se observaron unas menores pérdidas de agua por cocción, variable relacionada directamente con la jugosidad de la carne. Respecto al análisis sensorial, se observó un color más oscuro, tanto de la carne como de la grasa interna, en los animales adultos, así como una uniformidad mayor de ese color. La carne de los CNPN-12 resultó más jugosa, mientras que la de los CN-18 fue la más fibrosa. Así pues, podemos concluir que la carne de los pollos CNPN presenta unas características químicas, físicas y sensoriales, que hacen de estos animales una base genética adecuada para la producción avícola alternativa.
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